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Beef Production > Replacement Heifers > Flashcards

Replacement Heifers Flashcards

1
Q

Goals of replacement program

A 
Puberty by 12m
Puberty 42d before start of breeding season
Calve by 24m 
Breed heifers 4wks before cows
Calve early in first calving season
Retain high % as pregnant mature cows
Improve second parity pregnancy %
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2
Q

Faster gaining breeds

A

Puberty at older age, Charolais

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3
Q

Slower gaining breeds

A

Puberty at younger age, angus

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4
Q

Breeds selected for milk

A

Puberty younger age, Simmental

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5
Q

EPD

A

Prediction of transmitting ability

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6
Q

Heifers born early

A

Higher % puberty and pregnant

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7
Q

Older heifer calves

A

Greater feeding and management flexibility

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8
Q

Puberty wt

A

55-65% of mature

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9
Q

Reproductive tract score RTS

A

Subjectively determines inset of puberty
Size of uterus, ovaries by transrectal palpation
5-pt scale
Evaluate 8wks before breeding season

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10
Q

If many heifers RTS of 2

A

Improve nutrition, delay breeding season, breed 6m later, market heifers and find replacements

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11
Q

Pelvic area measurement

A

1yr and 2yr. R:0.7

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12
Q

Pregnancy diagnosis

A

40d post breeding

Select only those that conceive

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13
Q

First ovulation

A

Usually not signs of heat…priming

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14
Q

Ionophore (monesin)

A

Increase #pubertal heifers by start of season
Decrease age at puberty
Changes in ruminal fermentation (propionic acid production)

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15
Q

Nutrition: breeding through mid gestation

A

65% mature weight at breeding
85% at calving
ADG 1.3-1.5 lb/day 1.5lb/d cracked corn for energy
Supplement protein if low qual forage (over feeding –> low fertility)

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16
Q

Nutrition last 60 d

A

Demands increase

Greater BCS at calving - higher# heifers peg 40-60d of next season. Dominating factor in postpartum fertility.

17
Q

Nutrition: 80d of lactation

A

Heifers grow at .5lb/d
Requirements increase by 20%
Difficult to add BCS in lactation

18
Q

Brucellosis

A

Eradicated except for Wyoming and Montana
RB51- long term cell med
If 1 pos, need 2 consecutive neg months

19
Q

IBR BVD

A

MLV 2-3x after weaning before breeding

Quarantine for 30d

20
Q

Lepto

A

Chronic kidney infection (excreted in urine)
Host: skunk, raccoon, opossum, fox, mice, deer
V 2x pre breeding, booster mid gestation and annually
Away from water sources

21
Q

Campylobacteriosis

A

AI, young bulls
Vx heifers after 6m 2-3x
Booster annually 30d before season
Vx bulls 2-3x at arriving, 30d before breeding

22
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Vaccination????
Test bulls, cull positives, keep closed herd
Synchronize and AI

23
Q

Histophilus

A

Vulvitis, vaginitis

Vx 2-3x and annual booster

24
Q

Preg dx after 2nd breeding

A

Goal: 90-95% preg and early
CCP: BCS 5.5 at preg dx, calving with 85% and 6-6.5

25
Q

Not meeting rebreeding goals

A

Check bull fertility, forage quality and quantity, supplement during first lactation, infections

26
Q

Start of 2nd breeding season

A

CCP: BCS 5.5-6, 82-84% mature wt

Depends on: adequate BCS at calving time, forages postpartum, supplement to meet energy needs during lactation

27
Q

First calving

A

> 65% during first 3wks. >80% during first 6wks.
<2% At start of season 6.5. 80-85% mature wt after parturition

If CCP not met- supplement after calving

28
Q

Pregnancy after 1st breeding

A

90-95%. BCS >5

Low %— bull fertility, nutrition, repeat bedding

29
Q

Yearling

A

Tested 30-60d before breeding season
55-60% mature wt. RTS = 4.
60% heifers pubertal 30-60d before season.
Didn’t meet goal: increase energy, delay season, sell

30
Q

Weaning

A

In spring for fall calving herds
Wt and age affect nest of puberty
Use Ionophores, anthelmintics
Select heifers to meet: mature size, growth rate, milking ability, calving ease

Beef Production (5 decks)

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