Render, Pharmacology + Lab values Flashcards
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
The treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Study of what the body does to the drug
PHARMACODYNAMICS
Study of what the drug does to the body
List drug names system
brand name, generic name, chemical name (NCLEX will have just generic)
Classification of drugs
- Its effect on the body
- chemical composition
- Therapeutic action
Drug as an agonist
Activate receptors ( turn on/ promote). This is pharmacodynamics.
Drug as an antagonist
Turn off/block. Inhibit receptors. This is pharmacodynamics.
Receptor Interaction
Pharmacodynamics. To take an effect on the body, the drug and the body’s receptor shape has to match, like a puzzle. Molecular shape matters. A drug-receptor interaction is formed. Result of the interaction depends on whether the drug is an agonist or antagonist.
Affinity
How well a drug and a receptor bind to each other.
List the process of pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
Absorption,
- Describe
- What drug admin skips this
Movement of a drug from site of administration to blood stream.
-Drugs delivered IV skip this bc delivered straight to the bloodstream.
Factors that affect absorption
- Time of day
- Age of patient
- Drug pH, stomach might break it down to useless form, enteric coated to protect from the stomach’s acidity (take on empty stomach)
- Decreased BV
- Dehydration
- Circulatory issues (Reduced blood flow to an area decreases absorption. e.g. Sepsis and exercise)
- Lipid soluble drugs absorbed faster
- Affected/ swollen area affect drug to bloodstream
Types of drug administration
- Enteral (fast pass effect)
- Sublingual/buccal (nitroglycerin)
- Parenteral (we went over IM, Id, and SUB Q in lab)
- Topical route (eyes, ear, vagina, skin, rectum)
- Transdermal and inhaled)
Topical app produces…
long/short half life?
Topical application
delivers a uniform amount of drug over a longer period, but the effects of the drug are
usually slower in their onset and more prolonged in their duration of action as compared
with oral or parenteral administration. (long half life)
Distribution definition and pathway
-Process of drug travelling to the target site
-Travels first to sites of high blood delivery (brain, kidney, liver), then to less vascularized areas (skin, muscle, fat)
stomach–> SI–>liver
SI to liver thru diffusion
Liver’s effect on drug
Acts as a filter, inactivates meds
deactivate–> removes toxin–>reactivate med (significantly less bioavailable)
Metabolite (toxin) goes to kidney/GI (more polar/water soluble)
What can affect distribution
circulation (low BP)
-most vasc to less vas
Liver enz
AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
-Also found in heart
ALT(alanine aminotransferase)
-liver specific
AST level
-What does high level indicate?
Low okay
- high level indicate liver or heart damage
- Normal level:5 to 40
ALT
7 to 56
Primary site of excretion
kidney
*****teach P to drink water to prevent toxicity
Lab work to check Kidney func
BUN ( blood urea nitrogen)
creatinine
(both invite K+)
creatinine
-normal level
-what does a high level indicate?
what does a low level indicate?
normal: 0.5 to 1.2mg/dL
high level could be impaired kidney function, CHF
shock, or dehydration
Low levels – diet low in protein, severe
liver disease, low muscle mass
K+
3.5 to 5
