renal V

Question 1

presentation of kidney stone

Answer 1

unilateral flank tenderness, colicky pain radiating to the groin, hematuria

Question 2

what are the types of kidney stones?

Answer 2

Calcium
Ammonion magnesion phosphate
Uric acid
Cystine

Question 3

what are the types of calcium kidney stones

Answer 3

Calcium oxalate and calcium phopshate

Question 4

what is the most common type of kidney stone

Answer 4

calcium oxalate

Question 5

Xray findings of calcium oxalate stone

Answer 5

radioopaque

Question 6

CT findings of calcium oxalate stone?

Answer 6

radioopaque

Question 7

Urine crystal shape of calcium oxalate stone?

Answer 7

shaped like envelope or dumbbell

Question 8

What substances may lead to calcium oxalate stones?

Answer 8

ethylene glycol ingestion, vit C abuse, hypocitraturia, malabsorption (crohns diseasE)

Question 9

what type of kidney stone are people with crohns disease at risk for?

Answer 9

calcium oxalate

Question 10

treatment of calcium oxalate kidney stones

Answer 10

thiazides, citrate, low-sodium diet

Question 11

wat pH changes are calcium phosphate stones associated with?

Answer 11

increased pH

Question 12

XRAY and CT findings of calcium phosphate stones?

Answer 12

radioopaque

Question 13

Shape of urine crystal of calcium phosphate stones?

Answer 13

wedge shaped prism

Question 14

treatment of calcium phosphate stones?

Answer 14

thiazides, citrate, low sodium diet

Question 15

What pH may lead to ammonium magnesium phosphate stones?

Answer 15

increased pH

Question 16

ammonium magnesium phosphate stones CT and XRAY findings

Answer 16

radioopaque

Question 17

ammonium magnesium phosphate stones urine crystal shape?

Answer 17

coffin lid

Question 18

what is another name for ammonium magnesium phosphate stones ?

Answer 18

struvite stones

Question 19

what causes ammonium magnesium phosphate stones?

Answer 19

infections with urease + bugs (proteus, staph saprophyticus, klebsiella) that hydrolyze urea to ammonia -> alkalization of urine

Question 20

what shape are the calculi in ammonium magnesium phosphate stones?

Answer 20

staghorn calculi

Question 21

treatment of ammonium magnesium phosphate stones?

Answer 21

eradication of infection and surgical removal of the stone

Question 22

what pH is associated with uric acid stones?

Answer 22

decreased pH

Question 23

XRAY findings of uric acid stones?

Answer 23

radioLUCENT

Question 24

CT findings of uric acid stones?

Answer 24

minimally visable

Question 25

urine crystal shapes of uric acid stones?

Answer 25

rhomboid or rosettes

Question 26

what are risk factors for uric acid stones?

Answer 26

decreased urine volume, arid climates, acidic pH

HYPERURICEMIA (leukemia, etc)

Question 27

treatment of uric acid stones

Answer 27

alkalization of urine, allopurinol

Question 28

what pH are cystine stones associated with?

Answer 28

decreased pH

Question 29

what will cystine stones look like on XRAY?

Answer 29

faintly radioopaque

Question 30

what will the CT findings of cystine stones look like?

Answer 30

moderately radiopaque

Question 31

what is the shape of urine crystals from cystine stones?

Answer 31

hexagonal

Question 32

What causes cystine stones?

Answer 32

autosomal recessive conditions in which cystine-reabsorbing PCT transporter loses function -> cystinuria ->stones form in childhood

Question 33

what condition may result in a child having a kidney stone?

Answer 33

cystinuria

Question 34

treatment of cystine stones

Answer 34

low sodium diet, alkalization of urine, chelating agents if refractory