Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Renal ERIN > Renal cards II > Flashcards

Renal cards II Flashcards

1
Q

where does renin come from?

A

JG cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What triggers renin release from JG cells?

A

decreased renal perfusion (detected via renal barorecepotrs in afferent arteriole), increased renal sympathetic discharge (B1 effect), and decreased NaCl delivery to macula densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of ANP/BNP?

A

inhibits renin-angiotensin-aldosterone symstem; relax SM via increased cGMP -> Increased GFR
Dilates afferent arteriole and promotes diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 5 functions of ATII

A

Adrenal cortex ->increased aldosterone section
Pituitary -> increased ADH
PCT - > increased Na/H activity
Glomerulus ->constricts efferent arteriole
Blood vessels -> vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the macula densa sense?

A

decreased NaCl delivery to DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the macula densa?

A

DCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the components of the JGA?

A

mesangial cells, JG cells, and macula densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does erythropoietin come from?

A

interstitial cells in peritubular capillary beds of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the PCTs role in vitamin D?

A

converts 25-OH vitamin D3 to 1,25 vitamin D3 (calcitriol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the enzyme involve in the version of 25,OH bit D to 1,25 OH vitamin D?

A

1-alpha hydroxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do prostaglandins effect the glomerulus ?

A

paracrine secretion vasodilates the afferent arterioles to increase RBF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what effect can NSAIDs have on the kidneys?

A

they inhibit prostaglandin synthesis so lead to constriction of thee afferent arterile and decreased GFR; may result in AKI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which cells in the glomerulus may secrete dopamine?

A

PCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effect does dopamine have at low doses, and at high doses?

A

low doses - increased RBF

high doses - vasoconstrictor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the ‘capillary effect’ ?

A

constriction of the efferent arteriole leads to a decrease in hyrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillaries and thus an increased reabsorption of Na/H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List things that cause an intracellular K shift

A

Hypo-osmolarity
Alkalosis
B-adrenergic agonists (increase Na/K atpase)
Insulin (Na/K atpase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

List things that cause an extracellular K shift?

A 
Digitalis (blocks Na/K atpase)
Hyperosmolarily
Lysis of cells
Acidosis
B-blocker
High blood sugar
Succinocholine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What substances will be elevated in Rhabdomyolysis?

A

CK, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, AST/ALT
Hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatema are common
Hyperuricemia
Myoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What effect does elevated myoglobin have on the kidneys in rhabdomyolysis?

A

Obstructs the tubules and is toxic to the PCT.
It leads to vasoconstriction and hypoxia
(made worse by dehydration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how to diagnose rhabdomyolysis

A

CK >1000 IU/L
Urine dipstick for heme +
No RBCs on microscopy

21
Q

Why does hypocalcemia initially occur with rhabdomyolysis?

A

Calcium deposits in damaged myocytes (note that it may become elevated during recovery)

22
Q

Symptoms of low Na

A

nausea, malaise, stupor, coma, seizures

23
Q

Symptoms of high serum Na

A

irritability, stupor, coma

24
Q

Symptoms of low potassium in serum

A

U waves and flattended T waves on ECG, arythmias, muscle cramps, spasms and weakness

25
Symptoms of high potassium in serum
wide QRS, peaked T waves on ECG, arythmias and muscle weakness, sinus arrest, AV block
26
Symptoms of low calcium
tetany, seizures, QT prolongation, twiching (Chvostek), spasm (trousseaux)
27
Symptoms of high calcium
renal stones, bone aches, psychiatric disturances, abdominal pain, urinary freqency
28
Symptoms of low Mg
tetany, torsades de pointes, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia (when mg is severely decreased)
29
Symptoms of high Mg
Decreased DTRs, lethargy, bradycardia, hyptotension, cardiac arrest, hypocalcemia
30
Symptoms of low phosphate
bone loss, osteomalacia or rickets
31
Symptoms of high phosphate
renal stones, metastatic calcifications, hypocalcemia (it precipitates calcium)
32
What effect does an aspirin overdose have on breathing?
Causes a respiratory alkalosis because salicylates stimulate the medulla to cause hyperventilation
33
What effect will aspirin have on the oxidative phosphorylation?
Inhibits ox phosph ->metabolic acidosis
34
What will the blood pH be in someone with aspirin overdose?
variable
35
What will Winters formula predict in an aspirin overdose?
it will predict a CO2 higher than what the patient has because the patient has concomitant respiratory alkalosis
36
What effects does acidosis have on the heart and brain?
myocardial depression from decreased contractility | Increased CO2 leads to cerebral vasodilation
37
What effects does alkalosis have on the brain?
Cerebral vasoconstriction - > decreased cerebral blood flow
38
What does winters formula predict?
predicts the appropraite respiratory compensation (pCO2) for a simple metabolic acidosis
39
What is winters formula?
pCO2 = 1.5(bicarb) + 8 plus or minus 2
40
Causes of respiratory alkalosis
``` Anxiety/panic attack Hypoxemia (high altitude) Salicylates) Tumour PE ```
41
Casues of respiratory acidosis?
``` airway obstruction acute lung disease chronic lung disease opioids, sedatives Weak resp muscles ```
42
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
loop diuretics/thiazides vomiting antacid use hyperaldosteronism
43
How do you calculate the anion gap?
Na - (Cl + HCO)
44
What number indiactes an anion gap metabolic acidosis?
anion gap > 12
45
What number indicates an NORMAL anion gap?
<12
46
List the causes of anion gap metabolic acidosis (MUDPILES)
``` MUDPILES Methanol Uremia Diabetic ketoacidosis Propylene glycol Iron tablets or INH Lactic acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates (late) ```
47
Which substances are found in antifreeze?
methanol (formic acid) and propylene glycol
48
Presentation of antifreeze poisoning
vision loss
49
What are the causes of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis? HARDASS
``` hypercholermia/hyperalimentation Addisons disease renal tubular acidosis diarrhea acetazolamide spironolactone saline infusion ```

Renal ERIN (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions