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FINALS revision - @medicbotanist > Renal + Urology > Flashcards

Renal + Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between BPE, BPH and BPO?

A

BPE: enlarged prostate, Diagnosis given when you can feel enlargement

BPH: given once histology has been done

BPO: when shown in urodynamic studies

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2
Q

What is Brady therapy?

A

This is when you put radio therapy seeds into the prostate. Gradually radiates the prostate over time.

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3
Q

What are some hormonal therapies you can use on a patient with prostate cancer?

A
  1. LH agonist: causes a surge in testosterone. SE ED. Need to given alongside an anti androgen.
  2. GNRH antagonist: good to castrate within 24 hours. For example you can give degarelix.
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4
Q

What are 5 cancers that commonly lead to cord compression?

A 
Breast 
Prostate 
Kidney 
Thyroid 
Lung
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5
Q

If a patient had recurrent UTIs what would you be concerned about?

A

CANCER

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6
Q

What is phimosis?

A

This is when you have a non retractable foreskin. very common in long boys. Normally till the age of 2

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7
Q

Do you have to treat phimosis?

A

No- you only need to treat it if the patient has local pain, haematuria or urinary obstruction

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8
Q

Other than congenital causes. What is another cause of Phismosis?

A

Recurrent infections

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9
Q

How can a phimosis present?

A

It can present as ballooning on urination.

Non retractible foreskin.

Painful erections, pain or recurrent UTIs

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10
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Tight prepuce is retracted and unable to be replaced when the glans swells

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11
Q

Who is paraphimosis common in?

A
  1. Diabetics as can get recurrent Balanitis infection

2. Vigourous sexual activity

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12
Q

How would paraphimosis present?

A

Pain and oedema around the prepuce

Pain on erection

If left can lead to necrosis

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13
Q

How would you manage paraphimosis?

A
  1. gentle compression with saline swab. Followed by reduction in the prepuce
  2. Surgery
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14
Q

What is priapism?

A

unwanted painful erections of the penis not associated with sexual desire for more than 4 hours.

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15
Q

What are two main causes of priapism?

A
  1. Sickle Cell Disease
  2. Viagra
  3. trauma
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16
Q

How does priapism present?

A

Presents with unwanted painful erection for more than 4 hours

17
Q

How do we investigate priapism?

A

Corporeal Blood Gas

18
Q

How do you manage priapism?

A
  1. Corporeal Aspiration
  2. Intracavernosal injection of adrenaline
  3. Surgery to create a shunt
19
Q

What is fournier’s gangrene?

A

This is necrotising fasciitis of the perineum

20
Q

Who is Founier’s Gangrene common in?

A

Patients who are immune suppressed.

trauma or chronic disease.

21
Q

How does fournier’s gangrene present?

A

It presents with pain out of proportion to what you can see.

It does not respond to abx and they are systemically unwell

22
Q

If you suspect fournier’s gangrene how do you manage it?

A
  1. Resus + Stabalise
  2. Explorative surgery
  3. broad spectrum abx
23
Q

In a penile fracture does it go towards or away from the lesion?

A

Away from the lesion

24
Q

What are two common causes of penile fracture?

A
  1. Forceful masturbation
  2. Female on top in sex and then slipping out and hitting perineum
  3. Falling on an erect penis
25
Q

How does a penile fracture present?

A

You get a sudden pain and swelling
You lose your erection. The penis goes to the unaffected side of the lesion.

You get a firm immobile haematoma on the shaft (rolling sign) and butterfly sign if the urethra is involved.

26
Q

What is rolling sign seen in penile fracture?

A

This the haematoma found at the shaft of the penis

27
Q

What is the investigation of choice in a patient with a penile fracture?

A
  1. Cavernoscography
28
Q

What med is used in stress incontience?

A

Duloxetine

29
Q

What medication is used in urge incontience?

A

Oxybutyin

30
Q

What is the main med used for overactive incontience?

A

Oxybutynin

FINALS revision - @medicbotanist (20 decks)

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