Renal + Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between BPE, BPH and BPO?

A

BPE: enlarged prostate, Diagnosis given when you can feel enlargement

BPH: given once histology has been done

BPO: when shown in urodynamic studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Brady therapy?

A

This is when you put radio therapy seeds into the prostate. Gradually radiates the prostate over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some hormonal therapies you can use on a patient with prostate cancer?

A
  1. LH agonist: causes a surge in testosterone. SE ED. Need to given alongside an anti androgen.
  2. GNRH antagonist: good to castrate within 24 hours. For example you can give degarelix.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 5 cancers that commonly lead to cord compression?

A
Breast 
Prostate 
Kidney 
Thyroid 
Lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If a patient had recurrent UTIs what would you be concerned about?

A

CANCER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is phimosis?

A

This is when you have a non retractable foreskin. very common in long boys. Normally till the age of 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Do you have to treat phimosis?

A

No- you only need to treat it if the patient has local pain, haematuria or urinary obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Other than congenital causes. What is another cause of Phismosis?

A

Recurrent infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can a phimosis present?

A

It can present as ballooning on urination.

Non retractible foreskin.

Painful erections, pain or recurrent UTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Tight prepuce is retracted and unable to be replaced when the glans swells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is paraphimosis common in?

A
  1. Diabetics as can get recurrent Balanitis infection

2. Vigourous sexual activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How would paraphimosis present?

A

Pain and oedema around the prepuce

Pain on erection

If left can lead to necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How would you manage paraphimosis?

A
  1. gentle compression with saline swab. Followed by reduction in the prepuce
  2. Surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is priapism?

A

unwanted painful erections of the penis not associated with sexual desire for more than 4 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are two main causes of priapism?

A
  1. Sickle Cell Disease
  2. Viagra
  3. trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does priapism present?

A

Presents with unwanted painful erection for more than 4 hours

17
Q

How do we investigate priapism?

A

Corporeal Blood Gas

18
Q

How do you manage priapism?

A
  1. Corporeal Aspiration
  2. Intracavernosal injection of adrenaline
  3. Surgery to create a shunt
19
Q

What is fournier’s gangrene?

A

This is necrotising fasciitis of the perineum

20
Q

Who is Founier’s Gangrene common in?

A

Patients who are immune suppressed.

trauma or chronic disease.

21
Q

How does fournier’s gangrene present?

A

It presents with pain out of proportion to what you can see.

It does not respond to abx and they are systemically unwell

22
Q

If you suspect fournier’s gangrene how do you manage it?

A
  1. Resus + Stabalise
  2. Explorative surgery
  3. broad spectrum abx
23
Q

In a penile fracture does it go towards or away from the lesion?

A

Away from the lesion

24
Q

What are two common causes of penile fracture?

A
  1. Forceful masturbation
  2. Female on top in sex and then slipping out and hitting perineum
  3. Falling on an erect penis
25
How does a penile fracture present?
You get a sudden pain and swelling You lose your erection. The penis goes to the unaffected side of the lesion. You get a firm immobile haematoma on the shaft (rolling sign) and butterfly sign if the urethra is involved.
26
What is rolling sign seen in penile fracture?
This the haematoma found at the shaft of the penis
27
What is the investigation of choice in a patient with a penile fracture?
1. Cavernoscography
28
What med is used in stress incontience?
Duloxetine
29
What medication is used in urge incontience?
Oxybutyin
30
What is the main med used for overactive incontience?
Oxybutynin