Renal + Urology Flashcards
The nurse is analyzing results of a urine culture and sensitivity for a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which organism is the most common cause of UTIs?
A. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
B. Escherichia coli (E. coli)
C. Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes)
D. Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)
B. Escherichia coli (E. coli)
The nurse is triaging a 23-year-old female client presenting to the emergency department for a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Which symptom correlates with this diagnosis?
A. Small, painful blisters on the vulva
B. Urinary frequency and urgency and burning during urination
C. Pain on the right side of the pelvis and clear, sticky vaginal discharge
D. Sudden onset pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen
B. Urinary frequency and urgency and burning during urination
The nurse is caring for a 86-year-old male client in the emergency department with urinary retention who has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which are expected findings for this client?
A. Blisters on the penis and surrounding skin
B. Urinary frequency, urgency, and hesitancy
C. Abdominal pain and nausea
D. Cloudy, purulent urine with a foul odour
B. Urinary frequency, urgency, and hesitancy
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis due to persistent and severe hyperkalemia. Which statement by the client indicates that this treatment has been effective?
A. “The hospital food is not agreeing with me, I keep having loose stools.”
B. “My heart has been fluttering off and on since I woke up today.”
C. “I’m not trying to diet, but I lost two pounds since I had dialysis”
D. “My hands have been tingling ever since I arrived at the hospital.”
C. “I’m not trying to diet, but I lost two pounds since I had dialysis”
A nurse discharges an elderly client at risk for urinary retention. The nurse is teaching the client about ways to prevent this condition. Which instruction is most appropriate?
A. “Get screened for diabetes mellitus every ten years.”
B. “Take diphenhydramine to help with sleep.”
C. “Urinate as soon as you feel the urge.”
D. “Avoid exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor.”
C. “Urinate as soon as you feel the urge.”
The nurse is caring for an adult female client who is prescribed trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole tablets for a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which instruction(s) is/are appropriate to include about preventing future UTIs? Select all that apply.
A. Drink about 2L of water per day
B. Void shortly after sex
C. Use scented soap when cleansing the perineal area
D. Ask their gynaecologist about switching from a diaphragm to another method of birth control
E. Wipe from front to back after voiding
A. Drink about 2L of water per day
B. Void shortly after sex
D. Ask their gynaecologist about switching from a diaphragm to another method of birth control
E. Wipe from front to back after voiding
A client being seen in the emergency department for flank pain provides a urine sample for urinalysis. Upon receiving the results, the nurse notes that levels of white blood cells and bacteria in the urine are elevated. What is the most appropriate intervention by the nurse?
A. Perform a bladder ultrasound
B. Insert an indwelling catheter
C. Confirm presence of allergies to antibiotics
D. Instruct the client to strain all urine
C. Confirm presence of allergies to antibiotics
Treatment for UTIs involves antibiotics and fluids. Therefore, it is most important for the nurse to confirm allergies to any antibiotics, so that the appropriate antibiotic can be prescribed.
The nurse is performing discharge teaching with an older adult client who was prescribed furosemide 20 mg PO daily to treat congestive heart failure (CHF). Which instruction is the most important for the nurse to include?
A. “Alert the doctor if you develop a rash on your face and torso.”
B. “Take your time changing positions such as from lying down to rising.”
C. “Consume about 4 litres of fluid per day to prevent dehydration.”
D. “Discontinue your potassium supplements while taking this medication.”
B. “Take your time changing positions such as from lying down to rising.”
The newly graduated nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) experiencing hyperkalemia. The newly graduated nurse states to the nurse preceptor, “My client doesn’t have diabetes but the doctor ordered intravenous insulin for my client. This must be a mistake.” Which is the best response by the nurse preceptor?
A. “The administration of intravenous insulin treats hyperkalaemia by shifting extra potassium into the cells, decreasing extracellular potassium.”
B. “Clients with AKI have elevated levels of creatinine which causes damage to the pancreas, leading to decreased insulin production.”
C. “You are right, we need to contact the provider and question this order. This is a mistake.”
D. “The glucose molecules formed during hyperglycemic episodes can cause kidney stones, so the doctor orders insulin to decrease this risk.”
A. “The administration of intravenous insulin treats hyperkalaemia by shifting extra potassium into the cells, decreasing extracellular potassium.”
The nurse is triaging a male client being seen in the emergency department for lower urinary tract infection symptoms. He reports a history of “enlarged prostate” and having to urinate “constantly”. Which nursing triage note appropriately reflects the client’s condition?
A. “Client presents to the emergency department with urinary obstruction related to benign prostatic hyperplasia.”
B. “Client reports history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Provider paged for order for indwelling catheter insertion.”
C. “Client presents to the emergency department with a urinary tract infection.”
D. “Client reports history of enlarged prostate and urinary frequency.”
D. “Client reports history of enlarged prostate and urinary frequency.”
The nurse is caring for a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI). Which client statement should alert the nurse that the client may be experiencing a long-term complication of AKI?
A. “I checked my blood pressure and it was higher than it normally is.”
B. “I took an extra nitro-glycerine tablet last night. My angina is acting up.”
C. “My rings don’t fit on my fingers anymore.”
D. “I’ve gained two pounds since yesterday! I need to go on a diet.”
B. “I took an extra nitro-glycerine tablet last night. My angina is acting up.”
A nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous antibiotic to a client diagnosed with a stone in the right ureteropelvic junction. What is the most likely reason antibiotics are given to clients with this condition?
A. There is a need to relax the external urinary sphincter
B. There is a need to dissolve the stone
C. There is a need to stop hemorrhage in the kidney
D. There is a need to prevent infection from stagnated urine
D. There is a need to prevent infection from stagnated urine
The nurse has admitted a client with acute glomerulonephritis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes experiencing fluid overload. Which is the nurse’s priority intervention?
A. Obtain the client’s weight
B. Obtain a dietary consultation
C. Evaluate the result of the serum electrolytes.
D. Administer Penicillin G benzathine 2 million units intravenously every 6 hours
D. Administer Penicillin G benzathine 2 million units intravenously every 6 hours
The nurse is caring for a 45-year-old female with a 10-year history of stress urinary incontinence that developed after childbirth. She states, “I know that as I enter menopause, my incontinence will only get worse. I don’t want to do things I once enjoyed because I’m so ashamed of the leaking.” Which nursing diagnosis is most important to address in this client?
A. Ineffective health management
B. Knowledge deficiency
C. Disturbed body image
D. Risk for activity intolerance
C. Disturbed body image
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old female client in the outpatient setting who confides in the nurse that she fears aging because she does not want to develop stress incontinence like some of her peers have. What is the best response by the nurse?
A. “Only women under 60 develop stress incontinence.”
B. “Men are more likely to experience stress incontinence than women.”
C. “As we age, loss of pelvic tone places women at high risk of stress incontinence.”
D. “Unless you’ve had more than three vaginal births, you have a low risk of developing incontinence.”
C. “As we age, loss of pelvic tone places women at high risk of stress incontinence.”
