Renal - Renal anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Renal anatomy?
A
- Each kidney is about 11cm long, 5cm wide and 3cm thick.
- They are located in a deep gutter alongside the projecting vertebral bodies, on the anterior surface of psoas major.
- In most cases the left kidney lies approximately 1.5cm higher than the right.
- The upper pole of both kidneys approximates with the 11th rib (beware pneumothorax during nephrectomy).
- On the left hand side the hilum is located at the L1 vertebral level and the right kidney at level L1-2.
- The lower border of the kidneys is usually alongside L3.
2
Q
Renal Anotomy?
A
3
Q
Renal Anatomy?
A
4
Q
Renal Anotomy?
A
5
Q
Relations? (Right Kidney)
A
Right Kidney:
Posterior
- Quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, psoas major, transversus abdominis
Anterior
- Hepatic flexure of colon
Superior
- Liver, adrenal gland
6
Q
Relations? (Left Kidney)
A
Left Kidney:
Posterior
- Quadratus lumborum, diaphragm, psoas major, transversus abdominis
Anterior
- Stomach, Pancreatic tail
Superior
- Spleen, adrenal gland
7
Q
If we consider relations according to whether they are in direct contact or whether there is peritoneum in-between:
A
Right kidney:
Direct contact:
- Right suprarenal gland
- Duodenum
- Colon
Layer of peritoneum in-between:
8
Q
If we consider relations according to whether they are in direct contact or whether there is peritoneum in-between:
A
Left Kidney:
Direct Contact:
- Left suprarenal gland
- Pancreas
- Colon
Layer of peritoneum in-between:
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Distal part of small intestine
9
Q
Renal structure?
A
- Kidneys are surrounded by an outer cortex and an inner medulla which usually contains between 6 and 10 pyramidal structures.
- The papilla marks the innermost apex of these.
- They terminate at the renal pelvis, into the ureter.
10
Q
Lying in a hollow within the kidney is the renal sinus. This contains:
A
- Branches of the renal artery
- Tributaries of the renal vein
- Major and minor calyces’s
- Fat
11
Q
Renal arteries position?
A
- The right renal artery is longer than the left renal artery
- The renal vein/artery/pelvis enter the kidney at the hilum
12
Q
Branches?
A
- The renal arteries are direct branches off the aorta (upper border of L2- right side and L1 - left side)
- In 30% there may be accessory arteries (mainly left side). Instead of entering the kidney at the hilum, they usually pierce the upper or lower part of the organ.
- Before reaching the hilum of the kidney, each artery divides into four or five segmental branches (renal vein anterior and ureter posterior); which then divide within the sinus into lobar arteries supplying each pyramid and cortex.
- Each vessel gives off some small inferior suprarenal branches to the suprarenal gland, the ureter, and the surrounding cellular tissue and muscles.
