Renal Physiology and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

glomerular filtration rate definition

Answer 1

the amount of fluid filtered from the glomerulus into bowman’s capsule per unit time

Question 2

glomerular filtration rate indicates

Answer 2

condition of the kidney

Question 3

normal GFR

Answer 3

≥60

Question 4

GFR≥60

Answer 4

normal

Question 5

GFR<60

Answer 5

could indicate kidney disease

Question 6

GFR≤15

Answer 6

could indicate kidney failure

Question 7

increase in afferent arteriolar diameter = _____ in GFR

Answer 7

increase

Question 8

increase in efferent arteriolar diameter = _____ in GFR

Answer 8

decrease

Question 9

_____ in aldosterone = _____ sodium reabsorption

Answer 9

increased; increased
(decreased; decreased)

Question 10

increase in ADH = _____ urine output

Answer 10

decreased (concentrated urine)

Question 11

decrease in ADH = _____ urine output

Answer 11

increased (diluted urine)

Question 12

causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 12

hypoventilation, impaired lung function, depression of respiratory center in brain stem, lung disease

Question 13

solutions for respiratory acidosis

Answer 13

renal system compensates by secreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate ions

Question 14

causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 14

hyperventilation, strong emotion, anxiety, pain, high altitude

Question 15

solutions for respiratory alkalosis

Answer 15

renal system compensates by absorbing hydrogen ions and secreting bicarbonate ions

Question 16

causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 16

severe diarrhea, increased alcohol consumption, increased aspirin, increased metabolic rate

Question 17

solutions for metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

respiratory system compensates by hyperventilation
renal system compensates by increasing bicarbonate ions

Question 18

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 18

vomiting, decreased metabolic rate, constipation, increased ingestion of bicarbonate

Question 19

solutions for metabolic alkalosis

Answer 19

respiratory system compensates by hypoventilation
renal system compensates by decreasing bicarbonate ions

Question 20

relationship between metabolic rate, partial pressure of CO₂, ventilation, and pH

Answer 20

increased MR = increased CO₂ = increased V = decreased pH
decreased MR = decreased CO₂ = decreased V = increased pH

Question 21

blood pH range

Answer 21

7.35-7.45

Question 22

acid base equation

Answer 22

CO₂ + H₂O ⇋ H₂CO₃ ⇋ HCO₃⁻+ H⁺