Renal Physiology and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
glomerular filtration rate definition
the amount of fluid filtered from the glomerulus into bowman’s capsule per unit time
glomerular filtration rate indicates
condition of the kidney
normal GFR
≥60
GFR≥60
normal
GFR<60
could indicate kidney disease
GFR≤15
could indicate kidney failure
increase in afferent arteriolar diameter = _____ in GFR
increase
increase in efferent arteriolar diameter = _____ in GFR
decrease
_____ in aldosterone = _____ sodium reabsorption
increased; increased
(decreased; decreased)
increase in ADH = _____ urine output
decreased (concentrated urine)
decrease in ADH = _____ urine output
increased (diluted urine)
causes of respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation, impaired lung function, depression of respiratory center in brain stem, lung disease
solutions for respiratory acidosis
renal system compensates by secreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate ions
causes of respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation, strong emotion, anxiety, pain, high altitude
solutions for respiratory alkalosis
renal system compensates by absorbing hydrogen ions and secreting bicarbonate ions
causes of metabolic acidosis
severe diarrhea, increased alcohol consumption, increased aspirin, increased metabolic rate
solutions for metabolic acidosis
respiratory system compensates by hyperventilation
renal system compensates by increasing bicarbonate ions
causes of metabolic alkalosis
vomiting, decreased metabolic rate, constipation, increased ingestion of bicarbonate
solutions for metabolic alkalosis
respiratory system compensates by hypoventilation
renal system compensates by decreasing bicarbonate ions
relationship between metabolic rate, partial pressure of CO₂, ventilation, and pH
increased MR = increased CO₂ = increased V = decreased pH
decreased MR = decreased CO₂ = decreased V = increased pH
blood pH range
7.35-7.45
acid base equation
CO₂ + H₂O ⇋ H₂CO₃ ⇋ HCO₃⁻+ H⁺
