Digestive System Flashcards
large intestine function
absorption of electrolytes and water, propulsion of intestinal contents, formation and temporary storage of feces, and defecation
cecum function
temporary storage of chyme, and fluid and electrolyte reabsorption
appendix function
maintenance of gut flora and mucosal immunity
ascending colon function
fluid and electrolyte reabsorption, and gradually forming fecal matter
rectum function
temporary storage of fecal matter and defecation
anus function
fecal continence and defecation
sigmoid colon function
transport fecal matter from descending colon to rectum and anus
descending colon function
absorption of water and electrolytes, formation of feces from indigestible materials
epiploic appendages
fat filled pouches of peritoneum attached externally to the walls of the large intestine
haustra
sacculations that occur along the large intestine, providing it with its characteristic “baggy” aspect
taenia coli
three longitudinal bands of smooth muscle under the peritoneum; facilitate peristaltic action of large intestine, propelling fecal matter
large intestine special features
epiploic appendages, haustra, taenia coli, goblet cells
parts of large intestine
cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
goblet cells function
produces mucus to ease passage of feces through colon
ascending colon
ascending colon
cecum
transverse colon
transverse colon
descending colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
large intestine
large intestine
large intestine
large intestine
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goblet cells
Pancreas function
Digestion by releasing peptidases, lipases, nucleases, amylases; hormonal regulation by releasing insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
Pancreatic duct function
Drain pancreatic juices from the acinar cells of the pancreas into duodenum
Accessory pancreatic duct function
Communicates with main pancreatic duct; empties into duodenum
Common bile duct function
Delivers bile from the liver into duodenum
Acinar cells function
Produce digestive enzymes
Islets of langerhans function
Produce insulin and glucagon
Gallbladder function
Stores bile and empties it into duodenum
Cystic duct function
Carries bile to and from gallbladder
liver function
metabolism, immunity, digestion, detoxification, vitamin storage, makes bile
hepatic duct function
transport bile produced by the liver to the duodenum
falciform ligament function
connects liver to the upper anterior abdominal wall
round ligament function
fibrous remnant of umbilical vein
small intestine function
final stages of food digestion; absorption of nutrients and water
duodenum function
mixes chyme with bile, secretes bicarbonates to rase pH in order to activate pancreatic enzymes to digest the chyme
plica circularis function
deep ridge in mucosa and submucosa; increases surface area for absorption of nutrients
jejunum function
absorbs small nutrients that have been previously digested in duodenum
ileum function
absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and all necessary material that was not absorbed in jejunum
ileocecal valve function
controls emptying of ileal content into large intestine
mesentery function
attaches intestines to abdominal wall
central vein of liver lobule function
drains blood from liver into hepatic veins, which lead to the heart
hepatic cord cell function
secretion of bile components; conversion of amino acids into glucose; breakdown of toxins; production of urea from amino acids; storage of glycogen, lipids, and iron
sinusoid function
capillaries travelling between hepatocytes
villi function
increase surface area for absorption of nutrients
lacteal function
collect fluids, electrolytes, and protein
stomach function
mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, hormone secretion
gastric pits function
invaginations of surface epithelium
gastric glands function
allow glandular products to be secreted into stomach lumen
rugae
folds in stomach mucosa
greater omentum function
attaches the stomach to the transverse colon
