Digestive System

Question 1

large intestine function

Answer 1

absorption of electrolytes and water, propulsion of intestinal contents, formation and temporary storage of feces, and defecation

Question 2

cecum function

Answer 2

temporary storage of chyme, and fluid and electrolyte reabsorption

Question 3

appendix function

Answer 3

maintenance of gut flora and mucosal immunity

Question 4

ascending colon function

Answer 4

fluid and electrolyte reabsorption, and gradually forming fecal matter

Question 5

rectum function

Answer 5

temporary storage of fecal matter and defecation

Question 6

anus function

Answer 6

fecal continence and defecation

Question 7

sigmoid colon function

Answer 7

transport fecal matter from descending colon to rectum and anus

Question 8

descending colon function

Answer 8

absorption of water and electrolytes, formation of feces from indigestible materials

Question 9

epiploic appendages

Answer 9

fat filled pouches of peritoneum attached externally to the walls of the large intestine

Question 10

haustra

Answer 10

sacculations that occur along the large intestine, providing it with its characteristic “baggy” aspect

Question 11

taenia coli

Answer 11

three longitudinal bands of smooth muscle under the peritoneum; facilitate peristaltic action of large intestine, propelling fecal matter

Question 12

large intestine special features

Answer 12

epiploic appendages, haustra, taenia coli, goblet cells

Question 13

parts of large intestine

Answer 13

cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

Question 14

goblet cells function

Answer 14

produces mucus to ease passage of feces through colon

Question 15

Answer 15

ascending colon

Question 16

Answer 16

ascending colon

Question 17

Answer 17

cecum

Question 18

Answer 18

transverse colon

Question 19

Answer 19

transverse colon

Question 20

Answer 20

descending colon

Question 21

Answer 21

descending colon

Question 22

Answer 22

sigmoid colon

Question 23

Answer 23

sigmoid colon

Question 24

Answer 24

rectum

Question 25

Answer 25

large intestine

Question 26

Answer 26

large intestine

Question 27

Answer 27

large intestine

Question 28

Answer 28

large intestine

Question 29

?

Answer 29

goblet cells

Question 30

Pancreas function

Answer 30

Digestion by releasing peptidases, lipases, nucleases, amylases; hormonal regulation by releasing insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

Question 31

Pancreatic duct function

Answer 31

Drain pancreatic juices from the acinar cells of the pancreas into duodenum

Question 32

Accessory pancreatic duct function

Answer 32

Communicates with main pancreatic duct; empties into duodenum

Question 33

Common bile duct function

Answer 33

Delivers bile from the liver into duodenum

Question 34

Acinar cells function

Answer 34

Produce digestive enzymes

Question 35

Islets of langerhans function

Answer 35

Produce insulin and glucagon

Question 36

Gallbladder function

Answer 36

Stores bile and empties it into duodenum

Question 37

Cystic duct function

Answer 37

Carries bile to and from gallbladder

Question 38

liver function

Answer 38

metabolism, immunity, digestion, detoxification, vitamin storage, makes bile

Question 39

hepatic duct function

Answer 39

transport bile produced by the liver to the duodenum

Question 40

falciform ligament function

Answer 40

connects liver to the upper anterior abdominal wall

Question 41

round ligament function

Answer 41

fibrous remnant of umbilical vein

Question 42

small intestine function

Answer 42

final stages of food digestion; absorption of nutrients and water

Question 43

duodenum function

Answer 43

mixes chyme with bile, secretes bicarbonates to rase pH in order to activate pancreatic enzymes to digest the chyme

Question 44

plica circularis function

Answer 44

deep ridge in mucosa and submucosa; increases surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 45

jejunum function

Answer 45

absorbs small nutrients that have been previously digested in duodenum

Question 46

ileum function

Answer 46

absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts, and all necessary material that was not absorbed in jejunum

Question 47

ileocecal valve function

Answer 47

controls emptying of ileal content into large intestine

Question 48

mesentery function

Answer 48

attaches intestines to abdominal wall

Question 49

central vein of liver lobule function

Answer 49

drains blood from liver into hepatic veins, which lead to the heart

Question 50

hepatic cord cell function

Answer 50

secretion of bile components; conversion of amino acids into glucose; breakdown of toxins; production of urea from amino acids; storage of glycogen, lipids, and iron

Question 51

sinusoid function

Answer 51

capillaries travelling between hepatocytes

Question 52

villi function

Answer 52

increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 53

lacteal function

Answer 53

collect fluids, electrolytes, and protein

Question 54

stomach function

Answer 54

mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, hormone secretion

Question 55

gastric pits function

Answer 55

invaginations of surface epithelium

Question 56

gastric glands function

Answer 56

allow glandular products to be secreted into stomach lumen

Question 57

rugae

Answer 57

folds in stomach mucosa

Question 58

greater omentum function

Answer 58

attaches the stomach to the transverse colon