Renal Physiology Flashcards
Where is erythropoetin produced?
Peritubular capillaries of kidney (also know as the vasa recta)
What produces erythropoietin?
Juxtaglomerular cells
What enzyme present in the kidney converts Vitamin D to its active form?
1-alpha hydroxylase
What is the normal protein content of urine?
Zero
What is the normal glucose content of urine?
zero
What is the usual urine output of a normal adult per day?
720 to 1440 ml (700-1400)
What muscle is responsible for urination?
Detrusor muscle
What substance would be secreted in response to changes in blood pressure by the JG cells of the afferent arterioles?
Renin
What is the specific action of ADH on kidney?
Aquaporin/water channels
Clearance of ________ is used to estimate Renal blood flow and Renal plasma flow?
PAH
Clearance of ________ is used to estimate GFR?
Inulin
What is the renal threshold for glucose?
180 mg/dl
What is the countercurrent multiplier of the kidney?
Loop of Henle
What is the countercurrent exchanger of the kidney?
Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
What is the hormone that counteracts the effects of Aldosterone (Na reabsorption) and ADH?
ANP (Atrial natriuretic peptide)
*produced from cardiac atrial muscle fibers
What is the active form of Vitamin D where its conversion happens in the kidney?
125-Dihydroxycholecalciferol
What aphrodisiac may irritate urinary bladder muscle fibers?
Cathardin or Canthardin
Most common cause of death in SLE?
Renal failure
What is the leading cause of end stage renal disease?
diabetic nephropathy
Pathognomonic of DM nephropathy?
Kimmelsteil-Wilson’s lesion or modular glomerulosclerosis
What is the origin of the nephron?
metaneohric blastema
This condition is characterized by uncontrolled hypertension wherein there is accelerated or rapid rise in blood pressure causing damage to the walls of renal arterioles, causing onion skinning
Malignant nephrosclerosis
Give 2 pathological conditions associated with abdominal bruit
- renal artery stenosis-assoc with high BP
2. abdominal aneurysm
Most common site of Abdominal aneurysm?
Infrarenal (below the renal artery)
This condition is characterized by a longstanding chronic hypertension associated with sclerosis of renal arterioles and small arteries. grossly, it has a leather grain appearance of cortical surface
Benign nephrosclerosis
normal weight of kidney
150g
Renal medulla is avascular and is sensitive for developing ischemic necrosis. True or false
True
Give disease conditions that will present as Chronic kidney disease with normal sized kidneys
TB of kidneys Diabetic nephropathy lupus nephritis Amyloidosis sarcoidosis HIV (FSGS)
Renal vasculature is how much of total cardiac output?
25%
Factors regulating Glomerular filtration
Filtering membrane
particle size
Filtering forces
amount of blood flow
normal GFR value
125ml/min or 180 L/ day
The combined blood flow through both kidneys or the renal blood flow in an average adult is?
1100ml
The first urge to void is felt at a bladder volume of?
150ml
At what volume will marked sense of fullness of bladder be felt?
About 400ml
