Renal physiology Flashcards
Major functional unit of Kidney?
Nephron
How many nephrons are there per kidney?
1 Million per Kidney
Nephron is composed of:
▪ Glomerulus
▪ Renal tubules
Coil of capillary vessels
Glomerulus
Non-selective filter of plasma substances of less than 70,000 MW
Glomerulus
What comprises the Glomerulus filtrate?
▪ Water
▪ Amino acid
▪ Glucose
▪ Electrolytes
▪ Ammonia
▪ Creatinine
▪ Uric acid
▪ Urea
How much does glomerulus filter mL/min?
120 mL/min or 1/5 of renal plasma
Reabsorbs water, Sodium chloride, Bicarbonate, potassium, calcium, amino acids, phosphates, protein, and glucose
Proximal Tubule
Threshold substance
Glucose
How much does glucose reabsorbs?
160-180 mg/dL or less
What does proximal tubules secretes?
Sulfates
Glucuronides
Hydrogen ions
Drugs
Reabsorbs WATER
No SOLUTES reabsorbed
Loop of Henle DESCENDING
gatulo ang WATER paubos
Reabsorbs SOLUTES (Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, magnesium)
No WATER reabsorbed
Loop of Henle ASCENDING
wala nay WATER musaka
Reabsorbs Sodium
Secretes Potassium, Ammonia, and Hydrogen ions
Potassium ions exchange for sodium ions
Distal & Collecting Tubules
Normal volume for urine
1,200 to 1,500 mL/day
Urine volume GREATER THAN 2,500 mL/day
Polyuria
Diseases under Polyuria
▪ Diabetes Insipidus
▪ Diabetes mellitus
Poor Poly ‘Gotta go again to CR”
Causes of Polyuria diseases
▪ Caffeine
▪ Alcohol
▪ Excessive water intake
Urine volume LESS THAN 400 mL/day
Oliguria
Disease and causes of Oliguria
Dehydration due to:
▪ Vomiting
▪ Diarrhea
▪ Burns
Poor Ollie
Complete cessation or no urine
Anuria
Disease and causes of anuria
▪ Kidney damage
▪ ↓ blood flow to kidneys
Absent Andy
Increase volume of urine at night
Nocturia
Nocturnal Ned ‘zzz’
Composition of urine:
▪ Urea
▪ Uric acid
▪ Creatinine
▪ Chloride
▪ Sodium
▪ Potassium
▪ Water
