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aubf > Renal physiology > Flashcards

Renal physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Major functional unit of Kidney?

A

Nephron

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2
Q

How many nephrons are there per kidney?

A

1 Million per Kidney

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3
Q

Nephron is composed of:

A

▪ Glomerulus
▪ Renal tubules

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4
Q

Coil of capillary vessels

A

Glomerulus

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5
Q

Non-selective filter of plasma substances of less than 70,000 MW

A

Glomerulus

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6
Q

What comprises the Glomerulus filtrate?

A

▪ Water
▪ Amino acid
▪ Glucose
▪ Electrolytes
▪ Ammonia
▪ Creatinine
▪ Uric acid
▪ Urea

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7
Q

How much does glomerulus filter mL/min?

A

120 mL/min or 1/5 of renal plasma

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8
Q

Reabsorbs water, Sodium chloride, Bicarbonate, potassium, calcium, amino acids, phosphates, protein, and glucose

A

Proximal Tubule

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9
Q

Threshold substance

A

Glucose

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10
Q

How much does glucose reabsorbs?

A

160-180 mg/dL or less

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11
Q

What does proximal tubules secretes?

A

Sulfates
Glucuronides
Hydrogen ions
Drugs

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12
Q

Reabsorbs WATER

No SOLUTES reabsorbed

A

Loop of Henle DESCENDING

gatulo ang WATER paubos

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13
Q

Reabsorbs SOLUTES (Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, magnesium)

No WATER reabsorbed

A

Loop of Henle ASCENDING

wala nay WATER musaka

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14
Q

Reabsorbs Sodium

Secretes Potassium, Ammonia, and Hydrogen ions

Potassium ions exchange for sodium ions

A

Distal & Collecting Tubules

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15
Q

Normal volume for urine

A

1,200 to 1,500 mL/day

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16
Q

Urine volume GREATER THAN 2,500 mL/day

A

Polyuria

17
Q

Diseases under Polyuria

A

▪ Diabetes Insipidus
▪ Diabetes mellitus

Poor Poly ‘Gotta go again to CR”

18
Q

Causes of Polyuria diseases

A

▪ Caffeine
▪ Alcohol
▪ Excessive water intake

19
Q

Urine volume LESS THAN 400 mL/day

A

Oliguria

20
Q

Disease and causes of Oliguria

A

Dehydration due to:
▪ Vomiting
▪ Diarrhea
▪ Burns

Poor Ollie

21
Q

Complete cessation or no urine

A

Anuria

22
Q

Disease and causes of anuria

A

▪ Kidney damage
▪ ↓ blood flow to kidneys

Absent Andy

23
Q

Increase volume of urine at night

A

Nocturia

Nocturnal Ned ‘zzz’

24
Q

Composition of urine:

A

▪ Urea
▪ Uric acid
▪ Creatinine
▪ Chloride
▪ Sodium
▪ Potassium
▪ Water

25
Q

metabolic waste product produced in LIVER from breakdown of protein

A

Urea

25
Q

Inorganic solids of urine composition

A

▪ Chloride
▪ Sodium
▪ Potassium

25
Q

Organic solids of urine composition

A

▪ Uric acid
▪ Creatinine

26
Q

Primary constituent of inorganic solids in urine composition

A

Chloride

27
Q

Types of Hormones

A

▪ Aldosterone
▪ Arginine Vasopressin (AVP)
▪ Erythropoietin

28
Q

Source of Aldosterone

A

Adrenal Cortex

29
Q

Increases rate of sodium reabsorption

A

Aldosterone

30
Q

Source of AVP

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

31
Q

AVP is previously called

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

32
Q

Reabsorption of water from the distal tubules

A

AVP (Arginine Vasopressin)

33
Q

Deficiency in AVP

A

Diabetes Insipidus

34
Q

Source of Erythropoietin

A

Kidney

35
Q

Stimulates production of erythrocytes

A

Erythropoietin

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