Renal physiology Flashcards
each kidney contains how many nephrons
1 million
what muscles do the ureters cross
psoas muscle
which vessels do the ureters cross
iliac vessels
describe parasympathetic control of the bladder
pelvic nerve
-s2-s4
-acetylcholin
-involuntary
describe sympathetic control of the bladder
Hypogastric nerve
-T11-L2
-Noradrenaline
-involuntary
Describe the somatic supply to the bladder
Pudendal nerve
-s2-s4
-onufs nucleus
-acetylcholine
-voluntary
Describe the afferent nerve supply of the bladder
-Sensory nerve
-signals from detrusor muscle
which neural central controls the micruration reflex
sacralmicturation centre
what nucleus controls the gurading reflex
Onuf’s Nucleus
what does the pontine micturation centre do
coordinating
what is normal adult bladder capacity
400-500ml
when is forst sensatin felt in bladder
100-200ml
the volume in the bladder increases the pressure remains low due to what
receptive relaxation and detrusor muscle compliance
what does the pudendal nerve do
stimulation maintains urethral contraction
what deos the hypogastric nerve do during the filling phase
is stimulated and maintains detrusor muscle relaxation
what does the pudendal nerve do during voiding phase
is inhibitded and external sphyncted relaxes
what does the Pelvic parasympathetic nerve do during voiding
-stimulated
-detruser muscle contracts
In an adult, what is the approximate number of litres of blood filtered by the kidneys per day?
150 - 180 litres
what is GFR influenced by
- Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)
-Hydrostatic pressures - Colloid osmotic pressures
- Renal Blood Flow (RBF)
-Autoregulation - Filtration coefficient (Kf; filter integrity/function)
-Arteriolar endothelium (net –ve charge)
-Glomerular podocytes
Net fluid movement dependent upon what forces
- Bowmans capsule pressure
- Golerular hydrostatic pressure
- bwomans capsule colloid osmotic pressure
*
What is the average daily urine output of a healthy adult?
1-2Litres
Despite their size, the kidneys receive ~20% of cardiac output. The nephron itself is associated with two capillary beds. Which option best describes these?
a)High pressure glomerular; high pressure peritubular
b)High pressure glomerular; low pressure peritubular
c)High pressure anastomosis
d)Low pressure anastomosis
e)Low pressure glomerular; high pressure peritubular
b
Vascular resistance within the afferent and efferent arterioles governs renal autoregulation. Which of the following best describes the outcome following partial constriction of the entrance to the afferent arteriole?
a)Cessation of renal blood flow
b)Increased GFR; increased peritubular flow
c)Increased GFR; reduced peritubular flow
d)Reduced GFR; increased peritubular flow
e)Reduced GFR; reduced peritubular flow
e
where are macula densa cells located
distal convoluted tubule
