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Nephrology 2022 > Renal Physiology > Flashcards

Renal Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Tuft of capillaries between 2 arterioles

A

Glomerulus

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2
Q

Glomerulus + Tubules

A

Nephron

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3
Q

Removal of substance from filtrate: Part of Nephron

A

Reabsorption: Tubules

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4
Q

Addition of substance to filtrate: Part

A

Secretion: Tubule

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5
Q

Flow of ultrafiltrate across the glomerulus

A 
Bowmans space
Proximal tubule (convoluted, straight) 
LOH (Thin D, Thin A, Thick ascending) 
Distal Convoluted Tubule 
Connecting segment 
Cortical collecting tubile 
Medullary collecting tubule
Calyces
Bladder
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6
Q

Bulk of reabsorption

A

Proximal Tubule

Loop of Henle

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7
Q

Thin ascending limb + afferent arteriole JG cells

A

JGA

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8
Q

Macula Densa

A

Afferent arteriole

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9
Q

Cells in the cortical collecting tubule

A

Principal

Intercalated cells

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10
Q

Cortical collecting tubule cells which reabsorb Na Cl and secrete K

A

Principal cells

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11
Q

Cortical collecting tubule cells which secrete hydrogen and bicarbonate and reabsorb K

A

Intercalated cells

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12
Q

Type of reabsorption through tight junctions

A

Paracellular reabsorption

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13
Q

Strandlike structure on the luminal membrane

A

Zona occludens

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14
Q

Description of epithelium
Proximal Tubule
Collecting Tubule

A

PT: Leaky
CT: tight

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15
Q

GBM synthesis

A

epithelial cells

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16
Q

Vasomotor tone and Inflammation

charge selectivity

A

Endothelial cells

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17
Q

Cells which Respond to angiotensin II and synthesize prostaglandin

A

Mesangial cells

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18
Q

When is renin secreted?

A

Renal hypoperfusion
low bp, volume
inc sympathetic activity

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19
Q

Enzyme to facilitate angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

A

Renin

20
Q

Enzyme to facilitate Angiotensin I to II

A

ACE

21
Q

Effect of angiotensin II

A

Renal vasoconstriction

Sodium retention

22
Q

Na reabsorption in PT

A

activation of Na-H

23
Q

inc secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex

A

enhances Na transport to CCD

24
Q

stimulates prostaglandins

A

Angiotensin II

25
Q

effect on GFR: increase hydraulic pressure of glomerular capillary

A

Increase filtration

26
Q

Effect on GFR: Decrease RBF

A

Decrease filtration

27
Q

Effect on GFR: Mesangial contraction

A

Decrease filtration

28
Q

Major determinant of renin secretion

A

Na intake

29
Q

transporter inhibited by loop diuretics

A

NKCC

30
Q

Determinants of GFR

A

permeability of the membrane

balance between hydraulic P and oncotic P

31
Q

Afferent constriction

A

Decrease Pgc
Decrease GFR
Decrease RPF

32
Q

Efferent constriction

A

Increase Pgc, GFR

decrease RPF

33
Q

Autoregulation

A

Inc in afferent arteriolar tone to prevent transmission of bp elevation: Pgc and GFR unchanged; RPF minimized

34
Q

Impaired autoregulation bp level

A

70 mmHg

decrease GFR and RPF

35
Q

No myogenic response in

A

efferent arteriole

36
Q

Tubuloglomerular feedback

A

Increase in afferent arteriolar resistance for GFC autoregulation when with reduced pressure

37
Q

inc in macula densa chloride delivery

A

afferent arteriolr constriction

38
Q

Angiotensin II

A

Inc proximal tubula reabsorption
Dec Na excretion
Dec distal flow
Dec TGF signal

39
Q

TGF response to inc Na Cl delivery is inhibited by

A

adenosine

40
Q

Thromboxane 2

relation to tgf

A

vasoconstrictor

increased when tgf is activated

41
Q

Constrictor of afferent arteriole

A

ATP

42
Q

Blunts inc Na Cl delivery

A

Nitric Oxide

43
Q

daily crea excretion

A

< 50: M: 20-25 mk, F: 15-20 mk

50-90: M 10 mk

44
Q

Crea Cl cockroft

A

(140-age) x bw / (PCr x 72)

* x 0.85 F

45
Q

normal BUN:PCr

A

10-15:1

46
Q

Change in GFR with aginf

A

0.75 ml/min/yr

Nephrology 2022 (3 decks)

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