Renal Physiology

Question 1

Tuft of capillaries between 2 arterioles

Answer 1

Glomerulus

Question 2

Glomerulus + Tubules

Answer 2

Nephron

Question 3

Removal of substance from filtrate: Part of Nephron

Answer 3

Reabsorption: Tubules

Question 4

Addition of substance to filtrate: Part

Answer 4

Secretion: Tubule

Question 5

Flow of ultrafiltrate across the glomerulus

Answer 5

Bowmans space
Proximal tubule (convoluted, straight) 
LOH (Thin D, Thin A, Thick ascending) 
Distal Convoluted Tubule 
Connecting segment 
Cortical collecting tubile 
Medullary collecting tubule
Calyces
Bladder

Question 6

Bulk of reabsorption

Answer 6

Proximal Tubule

Loop of Henle

Question 7

Thin ascending limb + afferent arteriole JG cells

Answer 7

JGA

Question 8

Macula Densa

Answer 8

Afferent arteriole

Question 9

Cells in the cortical collecting tubule

Answer 9

Principal

Intercalated cells

Question 10

Cortical collecting tubule cells which reabsorb Na Cl and secrete K

Answer 10

Principal cells

Question 11

Cortical collecting tubule cells which secrete hydrogen and bicarbonate and reabsorb K

Answer 11

Intercalated cells

Question 12

Type of reabsorption through tight junctions

Answer 12

Paracellular reabsorption

Question 13

Strandlike structure on the luminal membrane

Answer 13

Zona occludens

Question 14

Description of epithelium
Proximal Tubule
Collecting Tubule

Answer 14

PT: Leaky
CT: tight

Question 15

GBM synthesis

Answer 15

epithelial cells

Question 16

Vasomotor tone and Inflammation

charge selectivity

Answer 16

Endothelial cells

Question 17

Cells which Respond to angiotensin II and synthesize prostaglandin

Answer 17

Mesangial cells

Question 18

When is renin secreted?

Answer 18

Renal hypoperfusion
low bp, volume
inc sympathetic activity

Question 19

Enzyme to facilitate angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Answer 19

Renin

Question 20

Enzyme to facilitate Angiotensin I to II

Answer 20

ACE

Question 21

Effect of angiotensin II

Answer 21

Renal vasoconstriction

Sodium retention

Question 22

Na reabsorption in PT

Answer 22

activation of Na-H

Question 23

inc secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex

Answer 23

enhances Na transport to CCD

Question 24

stimulates prostaglandins

Answer 24

Angiotensin II

Question 25

effect on GFR: increase hydraulic pressure of glomerular capillary

Answer 25

Increase filtration

Question 26

Effect on GFR: Decrease RBF

Answer 26

Decrease filtration

Question 27

Effect on GFR: Mesangial contraction

Answer 27

Decrease filtration

Question 28

Major determinant of renin secretion

Answer 28

Na intake

Question 29

transporter inhibited by loop diuretics

Answer 29

NKCC

Question 30

Determinants of GFR

Answer 30

permeability of the membrane | balance between hydraulic P and oncotic P

Question 31

Afferent constriction

Answer 31

Decrease Pgc Decrease GFR Decrease RPF

Question 32

Efferent constriction

Answer 32

Increase Pgc, GFR | decrease RPF

Question 33

Autoregulation

Answer 33

Inc in afferent arteriolar tone to prevent transmission of bp elevation: Pgc and GFR unchanged; RPF minimized

Question 34

Impaired autoregulation bp level

Answer 34

70 mmHg | decrease GFR and RPF

Question 35

No myogenic response in

Answer 35

efferent arteriole

Question 36

Tubuloglomerular feedback

Answer 36

Increase in afferent arteriolar resistance for GFC autoregulation when with reduced pressure

Question 37

inc in macula densa chloride delivery

Answer 37

afferent arteriolr constriction

Question 38

Angiotensin II

Answer 38

Inc proximal tubula reabsorption Dec Na excretion Dec distal flow Dec TGF signal

Question 39

TGF response to inc Na Cl delivery is inhibited by

Answer 39

adenosine

Question 40

Thromboxane 2 | relation to tgf

Answer 40

vasoconstrictor | increased when tgf is activated

Question 41

Constrictor of afferent arteriole

Answer 41

ATP

Question 42

Blunts inc Na Cl delivery

Answer 42

Nitric Oxide

Question 43

daily crea excretion

Answer 43

< 50: M: 20-25 mk, F: 15-20 mk | 50-90: M 10 mk

Question 44

Crea Cl cockroft

Answer 44

(140-age) x bw / (PCr x 72) | * x 0.85 F

Question 45

normal BUN:PCr

Answer 45

10-15:1

Question 46

Change in GFR with aginf

Answer 46

0.75 ml/min/yr