Renal Physiology Flashcards
Tuft of capillaries between 2 arterioles
Glomerulus
Glomerulus + Tubules
Nephron
Removal of substance from filtrate: Part of Nephron
Reabsorption: Tubules
Addition of substance to filtrate: Part
Secretion: Tubule
Flow of ultrafiltrate across the glomerulus
Bowmans space Proximal tubule (convoluted, straight) LOH (Thin D, Thin A, Thick ascending) Distal Convoluted Tubule Connecting segment Cortical collecting tubile Medullary collecting tubule Calyces Bladder
Bulk of reabsorption
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Thin ascending limb + afferent arteriole JG cells
JGA
Macula Densa
Afferent arteriole
Cells in the cortical collecting tubule
Principal
Intercalated cells
Cortical collecting tubule cells which reabsorb Na Cl and secrete K
Principal cells
Cortical collecting tubule cells which secrete hydrogen and bicarbonate and reabsorb K
Intercalated cells
Type of reabsorption through tight junctions
Paracellular reabsorption
Strandlike structure on the luminal membrane
Zona occludens
Description of epithelium
Proximal Tubule
Collecting Tubule
PT: Leaky
CT: tight
GBM synthesis
epithelial cells
Vasomotor tone and Inflammation
charge selectivity
Endothelial cells
Cells which Respond to angiotensin II and synthesize prostaglandin
Mesangial cells
When is renin secreted?
Renal hypoperfusion
low bp, volume
inc sympathetic activity
Enzyme to facilitate angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Renin
Enzyme to facilitate Angiotensin I to II
ACE
Effect of angiotensin II
Renal vasoconstriction
Sodium retention
Na reabsorption in PT
activation of Na-H
inc secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex
enhances Na transport to CCD
stimulates prostaglandins
Angiotensin II
effect on GFR: increase hydraulic pressure of glomerular capillary
Increase filtration
Effect on GFR: Decrease RBF
Decrease filtration
Effect on GFR: Mesangial contraction
Decrease filtration
Major determinant of renin secretion
Na intake
transporter inhibited by loop diuretics
NKCC
Determinants of GFR
permeability of the membrane
balance between hydraulic P and oncotic P
Afferent constriction
Decrease Pgc
Decrease GFR
Decrease RPF
Efferent constriction
Increase Pgc, GFR
decrease RPF
Autoregulation
Inc in afferent arteriolar tone to prevent transmission of bp elevation: Pgc and GFR unchanged; RPF minimized
Impaired autoregulation bp level
70 mmHg
decrease GFR and RPF
No myogenic response in
efferent arteriole
Tubuloglomerular feedback
Increase in afferent arteriolar resistance for GFC autoregulation when with reduced pressure
inc in macula densa chloride delivery
afferent arteriolr constriction
Angiotensin II
Inc proximal tubula reabsorption
Dec Na excretion
Dec distal flow
Dec TGF signal
TGF response to inc Na Cl delivery is inhibited by
adenosine
Thromboxane 2
relation to tgf
vasoconstrictor
increased when tgf is activated
Constrictor of afferent arteriole
ATP
Blunts inc Na Cl delivery
Nitric Oxide
daily crea excretion
< 50: M: 20-25 mk, F: 15-20 mk
50-90: M 10 mk
Crea Cl cockroft
(140-age) x bw / (PCr x 72)
* x 0.85 F
normal BUN:PCr
10-15:1
Change in GFR with aginf
0.75 ml/min/yr
