renal phys Flashcards

1
Q

fxns of the kidneys

A
  1. Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure
  2. Regulation of osmolarity
  3. Maintenance of ion balance
  4. Homeostatic regulation of pH
  5. Excretion of wastes
  6. Production of hormones
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2
Q

retroperitoneal cavity

A
  • behind peritoneal cavity
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3
Q

three sections of the kidneys

A
  • renal pelvis (pyramids aligned w/ the nephron), medulla (deep), and cortex (superficial)
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4
Q

what supplies blood to the kidneys?

A
  • the renal artery
  • 25% of cardiac output goes to the kidneys
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5
Q

nephron

A
  • filtration unit, contains glomerulus and renal tubules
    – Blood filtered by glomerulus –> removal of waste (urea and nitrogen-containing compounds ) and regulation of extracellular electrolytes and intravascular volume
    – Produces urine
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6
Q

majority of reabsorption happens where?

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
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7
Q

bowman’s capsule

A
  • site of plasma filtration with the glomerulus
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8
Q

glomerulus

A
  • first capillary bed, a ball-like network
  • goes from afferent arteriole to this
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9
Q

proximal convoluted tubule

A
  • filtered fluid flows from bowman’s capsule to this
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10
Q

loop of henle

A
  • fluid goes from the PCT to this structure
  • descending limb: osmolarity decreases
  • ascending limb: osmolarity increases
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11
Q

distal convoluted tubule

A
  • fluid goes from the loop of henle to this
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12
Q

collecting ducts

A
  • receives fluid from the DCT
  • converge and drain into the renal pelvis
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13
Q

Collecting ducts pass from the ___ through the ____ and drain into the _____

A
  • cortex
  • medulla
  • renal pelvis
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14
Q

what kind of ions do we want to pass thru

A
  • small ions w/ a pos charge
  • ex: Na+ – also most common
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15
Q

what do kidneys do?

A
  • filter
  • reabsorb
  • secrete
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16
Q

filtration

A
  • getting stuff in the kidneys
    – Fluid from blood into the lumen of the nephron (Bowman’s capsule)
    – Filtered plasma is called filtrate
17
Q

reabsorption

A
  • mostly happens in proximal convoluted tubule
    – Materials in the filtrate are passed back into the blood
    – Peritubular capillaries
18
Q

secretion

A

– Active transport from peritubular capillaries
- removes molecules from the blood and adds them to the filtrate in the tubule lumen n

19
Q

increase in BP and BV increases what? What about decrease in BP and BV

A
  • filtration
20
Q

filtrate is protein-free plasma

A

– Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries –> Bowman’s capsule
▪ Filtration slits in glomerular capillaries
▪ Hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure)

21
Q

how much water and ions is reabsorbed in the PCT

A
  • about 70%
22
Q

filtrate in the loop of henle

A

– More ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) reabsorbed than water, dilute filtrate in lumen

23
Q

distal tubule

A

– Resorption of ions and water, secretion of some substances
– Depending on hydration status

24
Q

where things go in the nephron

A
  1. In bowman’s capsule water, sodium, potassium, glucose, and urea go out of blood into capsule
  2. PCT - some water, sodium, potassium, all glucose gets reabsorbed
  3. Loop of henle - descending loop = the rest of the water exits the tubule. Ascending loop = salt exits
  4. No water in DCT but we reabsorb sodium and chloride
  5. Collecting duct = receives filtrate from the DCT and delivers urine
25
Q

what happens in the loop of henle?

A
  • Na+, Cl- enters the artery from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, so the blood becomes more concentrated, which is bad because then we cannot maintain homeostasis
  • So, water from the descending limb of the loop of Henle leaves and enters the artery to maintain the normal blood concentration
  • the result is blood that maintains good concentration and urine that adjusts to make sure blood maintains that good concentration
26
Q

ppl who can’t absorb all their glucose excrete it out. this is a sign of what

A
  • diabetes
27
Q

aquaporin 1 and 2 are found where?

A
  • 1 = loop of henle
  • 2 = found in collecting duct
28
Q

what needs to be present in order to reabsorb water?

A
  • ADH
29
Q

what 4 things determine filtration?

A
  • BP
  • BV
  • Size
  • Charge of ion
30
Q

what do we not want in the kidneys?

A
  • calcium
  • kidney stones
  • also proteins like albumin
31
Q

sodium going into the blood is what transport?

A
  • active
32
Q

what two things hitch a ride with Na+ in the PCT?

A
  • glucose and H2O
33
Q

aldosterone in the kidneys

A
  • takes out sodium back into the blood (water will follow)
  • brings K+ and acid into the kidney