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Pharma 4th > Renal Pharma > Flashcards

Renal Pharma Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following drugs is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist that has less hormonal side effects?
a. Captopril
b. Allopurinol
c. Spironolactone
d. Eplerenone

A

D

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2
Q

What drug can treat a 7-year old with hypercalciuria?
a. Loop diuretics
b. Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors
c. Thiazide diuretics
d. Potassium sparing diuretics
e. Osmotic diuretics

A

C

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3
Q

What is the consequence of taking loop diuretics?

A

Increased calcium secretion

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4
Q

What is the best diuretic used for calcium oxalate kidney stone?
a. Furosemide
b. Amiloride
c. Mannitol
d. Hydrochlorothiazide

A

D

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5
Q

Which drug causes gynecomastia?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone

A

B

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6
Q

Which of the following drugs act on the early distal tubule?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

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7
Q

Which drug causes ototoxicity?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone

A

A

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

A

Block Na-Cl cotransporter

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9
Q

Which drug can be administered along with loop diuretics to preserve potassium balance?

A

Amiloride

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10
Q

Which drug can increase serum creatinine in hypertensive and diabetic patients?

A

Captopril

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11
Q

What drug causes testicular atrophy?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone

A

B

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12
Q

By which mechanism does diuretics increase K secretion?

A

increase sodium delivery to distal segment of DT, stimulates the aldosterone
-sensitive sodium pump to increase sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ion

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13
Q

What drug causes hyperkalemia?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone

A

B

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14
Q

What drug is an aldosterone antagonist?
a. Furosemide
b. Spironolactone

A

B

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15
Q

Which drug is used to reduce the risk of kidney stone formation?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

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16
Q

What drug causes hyperglycemia?

A

Chlorothalidone

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?

A

Steroid receptor blocker

18
Q

A patient taking diuretics that deplete K+. How would you diagnose him?

A

Low serum K+ levels

19
Q

What blocks the Na+K+Cl+ pump?

A

Ethacrynicacid

20
Q

Which drug can inhibit lactation, and thus should be avoided during breast feeding?

21
Q

A 50-year old woman has been diagnosed with renovascular hypertension. Treatment with an anti-hypertensive drug resulted in menstrual irregularities?
a. Furosemide
b. Amiloride
c. Captopril
d. Spironolactone

22
Q

What
drug causes interstitial nephritis as a hypersensitivity reaction?
a. NSAIDs
b. Acetaminophen
c. Methotrexate
d. Cyclosporine

23
Q

A Patient developed acute renal failure after using captopril. What is the underlying abnormality that leads to this?

A

bilateral renal artery stenosis

24
Q

What drug causes acute renal failure by preglomerular vasoconstriction?
a. Cyclosporin
b. simvastatin
c. Acyclovir
d. NSAIDS

25
Q

Which of the following drugs cause renal stones/crystals formation?
a. Statins
b. NSAIDs
c. Acetaminophen
d. Acyclovir

26
Q

What is the primary mechanism by which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause acute renal failure?
a. Deposition of crystals in urine
b. Microvascular angiopathy
c. Toxic metabolites
d. Increased intraglomerular resistance

27
Q

What Induces nephrotoxicity by altering intraglomerular dynamics and reduces perfusion
a. Cyclosporin
b. Simvastatin
c. Acyclovir
d. NSAIDS

28
Q

A 56-year old male started to take captopril for the treatment of hypertension, but he suddenly developed acute renal failure. Which of the following is a contributing factor?
a. Bilateral renal artery stenosis
b. Decreased GFR

29
Q

What is reabsorbed in the PT, so that its concentration increases in the cortex, hence causing ATN?

A

Aminoglycosides

30
Q

What drug causes rhabdomyolysis when administered in combination with Cytochrome 450 inhibitors?
a. Cyclosporin
b. Simvastatin
c. Acyclovir
d. NSAIDS

31
Q

What is the mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity?

A

Depletion of glutathione

32
Q

Which drug causes hypersensitivity reaction leading to acute tubular necrosis?
a. Cyclosporin
b. Simvastatin
c. Acyclovir
d. NSAIDS

33
Q

What is associated with drug hypersensitivity?
a. Acute Tubulointerstitial nephritis
b. AcutePyelonephritis
c. Chronic Pyelonephritis
d. Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

34
Q

Which of the following drugs can cause acute tubular necrosis along with hepatic failure?
a. Gentamycin
b. Cisplatin
c. Acetaminophen
d. Radiocontrast media

35
Q

A patient developed lower limb edema and ascites; there was no pulmonary edema or heart gallop. What would be the first step to manage him?
a. Administer furosemide to reduce fluid overload
b. Biopsy his kidney
c. Tap his ascites

36
Q

How can amino glycosides damage the kidneys?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

Pharma 4th (5 decks)

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