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Renal > Renal Pathology > Flashcards

Renal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoplasia with no scarring and a decrease in lobe number indicates?

A

Primary Hypoplasia (not due to any external factors)

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2
Q

ADPCKD chromosomes?

A

polycystin 1 or 2 (1 more common)

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3
Q

Non-kidney anomalies in ADPCKD?

A 
Liver cysts (40%)
Berry Aneurysms (DEATH)
Mitral Valve Prolapse (25%)
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4
Q

Child with progressive polyuria and polydipsia. Pathology shows medullary cysts.

A

Nephronophthisis-Uremic Medullary Cystic Disease Complex

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5
Q

Nephritis Syndrome caused by and characteristics?

A 
Inflammation of glomerulus with 
RBC casts, 
hematuria, 
BUN/Creatinine >15, 
HTN, 
Edema
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6
Q

Child with malaise, mild proteinuria, hematuria with smokey urine, HTN. Pathology shows:
Neutrophil infiltrate in glomerulus
Granular IF pattern
Subepithelial humps on EM

A

Post-Strep GN

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7
Q 
Patient presents with progressive hematuria, edema.
Pathology shows:
Large pale petechial kidneys
Crescent formation in glomerulus
What are three possible causes?
A

Crescent Rapidly Progressing GN

  1. Anti GBM (linear IF)
  2. IC disease - granular IF
  3. P or C ANCA (Vasculitis)
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8
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome?

A 
Cytokine induced podocyte effacement
Massive Proteinuria
Fatty Casts
Edema (decreased albumin)
Susceptibility to infection (Decreased Ig)
Hypercoagulable (Decreased ATIII)
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9
Q 
Patient with chronic proteinuria.  Pathology shows:
Normal cellularity
diffuse thickening of capillaries
Granular IF
Subepithelial spikes on EM
A

Membranous GN

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10
Q

Causes of Membranous GN?

A

85% Idiopathic

  • NSAIDs
  • Malignancy
  • IC
  • DM
  • HBV
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11
Q

Child with massive proteinuria, Normotensive, following URTI. Pathology shows:
Normal looking except Podocyte effacement and lipoid deposits

A

Minimal Change Disease

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12
Q

Cause of Minimal Change disease and treatment?

A

T-Cell mediated loss of GBM charge

TX = Steroids

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13
Q

Cancer associated with Minimal Change Disease?

A

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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14
Q

Adult with nephrotic syndrome, HTN. Pathology shows:
Focal changes
Collapsed GBM
Increased mesangial matrix hyalinization

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

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15
Q

Causes of FSGS?

A

HIV
Heroin
Compensatory hypertrophy

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16
Q

Prognosis of FSGS?

A

Bad
RAS can slow progression
50% with have end-stage renal disease in 10 years

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17
Q 
Adult with nephrotic syndrome, HTN.  Pathology shows:
Focal changes
Collapsed GBM
Increased mesangial matrix hyalinization
Cystic dialted tubules
tubuloreticular inclusions

What disease does this person have?

A

HIV nephropathy

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18
Q

Type 1 membranoproliferative disease features?

A

Alternate and Classic SUBENDOTHELIAL complement deposition
Leukocyte infiltration
Very cellular

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19
Q

Type 2 membranoproliferate disease features?

A

Alternate complement deposition in the lamina densa
Leukocyte infiltration
(Dense deposit disease)

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20
Q

Recurrent hematuria
Pathology shows:
Mesangial deposits of IgA

A

Berger’s disease (IgA Nephropathy)

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21
Q

IgA nephropathy associated with which vasculitis?

A

Henoch-Schonlein

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22
Q

Genetic mutation in alpha-5-chain type VI collagen with irregular GBM

A

Alport Syndrome

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23
Q

Inheritance of Alport Syndrome

A

X-linked

24
Q

Thin GBM due to genetic deficiency in collaged

A

Thin Membrane Disease

25
Q

What can progress to Chronic GN

A 
Rapidly progressing GN
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Membranous GN
Membranoproliferate GN
Post-Strep
IgA nephropathy
26
Q

Decreased Urine output, increased BUN, oliguria, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis. Urine has hyaline and granular casts.

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

27
Q

Causes of ATN?

A

Ischemia

Toxicity (Aminoglycosides most common)

28
Q

Polyuria, nocturia, and metabolic acidosis with normal looking tubules. PMN and eosinophil infiltrates

A

Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

29
Q

Acute Drug-induced Interstital nephritis

  • When?
  • Pathology?
  • Causes?
A

15 days after drugfs
Lymphocyte and macrophage granulomas
Type 1 and 4 immune response

30
Q

What causes uric acid to precipitate and cause kidney damage?

A

Chemo or gout cause uric acid crystals to obstruct tubules

31
Q

NSAID nephropathy mechanism of injury?

A

Inhibition of PGE vasodilation decreased perfusion causing both Interstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis

32
Q

Multiple Myeloma mechanism of kidney injury?

A

Ig chains directly toxic to tubules (Bence-Jones proteinuria)

33
Q

Bruit on kidney ascultation?

A

Renal Artery Stenosis

34
Q

Young black male with HTN, nausea, vomiting, hematuria and proteinurua. Pathology Shows:
Petechial kidney
Fibrinoid necrosis
Onion skinning hyperplastic arteriolitis

A

Malignant Nephrosclerosis

35
Q

Sudden onset bleeding, oliguria, hematuria, MAHA?

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

36
Q

Typical HUS cause?

A

Verycytotoxin E Coli

37
Q

Atypical HUS cause?

A

Anti-Phospholipid
Pregnancy
Cyclosporine
Factor H Mutation

38
Q

TTP Pentad?

A 
Fever
Hematuria
Thrombocytopenia
MAHA
Renal Failure
39
Q

TTP Cause?

A

ADAMTS-13 deficiency

40
Q

Mahogany brown tumor with large eosinophilic cells in the collecting ducts?

A

Oncocytoma

41
Q

Benign kidney tumors?

A

Angiomyolipoma

Oncocytoma

42
Q

Most common RCC?

A

Clear Cell Carcinoma

43
Q

Renal Cysts and hemangioblastomas due to what mutation?

A

VHL (autosomal dominant) angiogenesis

Von-Hippel-Lindau Syndrome

44
Q

Bright Yellow tumor with solid cystic pattern. Cells have clear cytoplasm

A

Clear Cell carcinoma

45
Q

Cuboidal cell cancer with papillary growth

A

Papillary Carcinoma

46
Q

Vegtable-like cells

A

Chromophobe carcinoma

47
Q

Renal Cell Carcinoma risk factors

A

Male
Elderly
Smoking = #1

48
Q

Most common cause for acute kidney failure (disease state with many causes)?

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

49
Q

Ischemic vs. Nephrotoxic ATN patterns and causes

A

Ischemic: Patchy necrosis, due to volume loss, shock
Nephrotoxic: Mostly PCT damage due to drugs (aminoglycosides most common)

50
Q

Nerve deafness, eye disorders, and nephritis = what syndrome?

A

Alport Syndrome

51
Q 
What nephrotic syndrome is associated with:
Chronic IC disease
Lipodystrophy
Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
CLL, lymphomas, melanomas?
A

Membranoproliferative disease

52
Q

RCC, renal cysts, hemangioblastomas of cerebellum and retina?

A

VHL (AD tumor supressor mutation)

53
Q

Cartilage present in the kidneys indicates?

A

Cystic Renal Dysplasia

54
Q

Tubulo-interstital nephritis with infiltrates IN the tubles?

Not in the tubules?

A 
In = Pyelonephritis
Out = Drug induced
55
Q

Calyx damage?

A

NSAID tox or chronic pyelonephritis

Renal (5 decks)

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