Hematuria/Nephrolithiasis

Question 1

False Positive on UA?

Answer 1

Alkalinization, Oxidizing agents

Question 2

False negative on UA?

Answer 2

Ascorbic Acid, Formalin

Question 3

Red sediment after spinning a urine sample?

Answer 3

Hematuria

Question 4

Red supernatant + positive UA with red plasma?

Answer 4

Hemoglobinuria

Question 5

Red supernatant + negative UA?

Answer 5

Porphyria, Phenazopyridine, Betaline

Question 6

Causes of hematuria in children?

Answer 6

IgA nephropathy
Alport Syndrome
Thin Membrane Disease
Post-Strep
Hypercalciuria
Nutcracker Syndrome

Question 7

Causes of Calcium Kidney Stones?

Answer 7

Hypercalciuria
Hypocitriuria
Hyperoxaluria
Low blood volume

Question 8

Causes of Hypercalciuria

Answer 8

1 = autosomal dominant increased calcitrol production

• Fasting Bone Loss
• Renal Leak

Question 9

Causes of Hypocitriuria

Answer 9

Diarrhea
Renal Tubular Acidosis
High protein diet
Topoirimate (Anti-seizure)

Question 10

Causes of Hyperoxaluria

Answer 10

Increased Glycine metabolism
Increased Ascorbic Acid intake
Low Ca intake

Question 11

Nephrolithiasis treatment to decrease Ca excretion?

Answer 11

Thiazide Diuretics

Question 12

Nephrolithiasis tx to increase citrate excretion?

Answer 12

Alkalinization of urine

Question 13

Nephrolithiasis tx to decrease oxalate excretion?

Answer 13

Ca Carbonate

Question 14

Nephrolithiasis tx to increase Uric acid excretion?

Answer 14

Allopurinol

Question 15

Causes of cysteine stones?

Answer 15

AR defect in cysteine transport protein

Question 16

What aggravates Betalaine-caused red urine?

Answer 16

Pernicious Anemia
Fe deficiency
High Oxalate diet