Renal pathology

Question 1

List the different kidney diseases and explain how they can be classified(NPR?))(188)

Answer 1

Question 2

Explain what nephrotic syndrome is.(189)

Answer 2

Question 3

Discuss epidemiology,aetiology , results for light and electron microscopy, and immunoflourescence, respoNse to steroids, prognosis and manangement of the primary causes of nephrotic syndrome(NPR)(189)

Answer 3

Question 4

Describe the histology of two secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome, and state any noteworthy facts about them(189,190)

Answer 4

Question 5

Describe how nephrotic syndrome would be diagnosed.(190)

Answer 5

Question 6

Discuss what nephritic syndrome is(190)

Answer 6

Question 7

Discuss aetiology ,presentation and relevant investigation results and management of ACUTE POSTINFECTIOUS (POST STREPTOCOCCAL) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. What syndrome does it cause(190)

Answer 7

Question 8

Discuss epidemiology, aetiology ,presentation and relevant investigation results, prognosis and management of IgA NEPHROPATHY (BERGER DISEASE). What syndrome does it cause.(190-191)

Answer 8

Question 9

Discuss epidemiology, aetiology ,presentation and relevant investigation results, other organ involvement and management of RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE (CRESCENTIC) GN. What syndrome does it cause.(191)

Answer 9

Question 10

Discuss aetiology and presentation of HEREDITARY NEPHRITIS (ALPORT’S SYNDROME). What syndrome does it cause.(191)

Answer 10

Question 11

Discuss epidemiology, aetiology ,presentation and relevant investigation results,and prognosis of THIN BASEMENT MEMBRANE DISEASE (BENIGN FAMILIAL HAEMATURIA). What syndrome does it cause.(192)

Answer 11

Question 12

How to differentiate between different causes of asymptomatic haematuria(192)

Answer 12

Question 13

Discuss the aetiology of acute tubular injury(192)

Answer 13

READ HERE INSTEAD OF THE COUNTERPART IN THE IMAGE:ATI leads to a failure of glomerular filtration due to:
o Blockage of tubules by casts
o Leakage from tubules into the interstitial space o Secondaryhaemodynamicchanges
o Essentially: tubular epithelial cells are damaged.This leads to cells being shed as casts and blocked tubules. This results in reduced flow + increased haemodynamic pressure in the nephron.This leads to increased pressure gradient across the basement membrane, which leads to AKI. As a result, tubular
glomerular feedback reduces supply even more.Histology will show necrosis of short segments of tubules

Question 14

Describe the aetiologu,presentaion, histology and any relvant Investigatoins results for 4 different types of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis.(192,193)

Answer 14

Question 15

Discuss epidemiology, aetiology ,presentation and relevant investigation results and management of
the Thrombotic Microangiopathies. State their noteworthy characteristics(193)

Answer 15

Question 16

What is acute renal failure. State the categories of cause and list the causes.(194)

Answer 16

Question 17

What is chronic renal failure. List its commonest causes and give the ranges for its different stages.(194)

Answer 17

Question 18

What is Polycystic Kidney Disease. Describe it aetiology , epidemiology , clinical features and diagnostic criteria. Describe how it is managed.(194,195)

Answer 18

Question 19

WHat are the clinical features of lupus nephritis, discus its renal histology.(195)

Answer 19

Question 20

Discuss the different types of renal cell carcinoma. What are the risk factors of renal cell carcinoma. What are the clinical features of renal cell carcinoma(195)

Answer 20