Cardiac pathology

Question 1

Deifine Atherosclerosis,Outline the Steps of atherogenesis,list the 3 principal component of Atherosclerotic plaques,explain the significance of the attribute of the blood flowin the arteries. Give the Risk Factors of atherosclerosis(158)

Answer 1

EDIT:Dead foam cells cannot be cleared leading to secondary necrosis and therefore inflammation

Question 2

Discuss the Pathogenesis ofMI, Discuss the Complications of MI and the Evolution of MI (with a discussion of Histological findings at each stage of evolution)(158,159)

Answer 2

Question 3

List Common causes and complications of Heart Failure and discuss the Pathophysiology of Heart Failure(159)

Answer 3

Question 4

Define cardiomyopathy. For the different patterns of cardiomyopathy: state mechanisms of heart failure, list the causes of that pattern of cardiomyopathy, and list diseases that can cause myocardial dysfunction that is similar to that pattern of cardiomyopathy.(160)

Answer 4

Question 5

What is acute rheumatic fever, and what are its clinical features(NPR)(160,161)

Answer 5

EDIT:”Evidence of recent group A Streptococcus infection
plus either:

two major criteria
or one major criterion and two minor criteria”

Question 6

Explain the pathophyisioly of how Acute Rheumatic Fever usually affects the endocardium.(161)

Answer 6

Question 7

For 4 differeent duiseases that cause vegetative endocarditis, dicuss the pathology and the characteristics of their vegetations(161)

Answer 7

Question 8

Define infective endocarditis. Discuss the causes of infective endocarditis, explain how to differentitate between acute and subacute infective endocarditis.Discus the clinical features of infective endocarditis and how it is diagnosed and treated.(161,162)

Answer 8

NOTE:Infective endocarditis, also called bacterial endocarditis, is an infection caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream and settle in the heart lining

Question 9

Discuss the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation(163)

Answer 9

Question 10

Discuss the pathophysiology of Chronic rheumatic valve disease and Mitral valve prolapse(163)

Answer 10

Question 11

What is pericarditis. List the different types(stating their causes). What is pericardial effusion and haemopericardium(163)

Answer 11