Renal Path Step 1 review Flashcards
What disease is this via urine specimen?
Crohn’s Disease
Calcium stone, hypocitaturia
What bacteria causes this stone?
Proteus Mirabilis
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
Klebsiella
Struvite or Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate
What disease can cause this stone, what is the treatment?
Gout, give allopurinol, alkalize urine
Uric Acid
What disease can cause this?
What three things are there a defect in reabsorbing?
Cystine reabsorbing PCT transporter, Fanconi Syndrome, Cystine issues
Cystine Stone
Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine
Where does this carcinoma orginate from?
Wha is the immunotherapy?
PCT
aldesleukin stops IL-2
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Where does this benign epithelial cell tumor arise from?
What is seen in the path stain?
Collecting Ducts
Large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing
Renal Oncocytoma
Wilms tumor
Aniridia (absence of iris)
Genitourinary malformations
Mental Retardation
What is the disease or chromosome deletion?
WT1 deletion, chromosome 11
WAGR
Wilms tumor
early onset nephrotic syndrome
male pseudohermaphroditism
Located where?
What am I?
Denys Drash
WT1 mutation Chromosome 11
Wilms Tumor
Macroglossia
Organomegaly
Hemihyperplasia
Neonatal hypoglycemia
What am I?
What is the chromosome deletion?
WT-2 Chromosome 11
Beckwith-Wiedemann
Painless hematuria, no casts, what could I be?
Transtional Cell Carcinoma
Associated with phenacetin, smoking, aniline, and cyclophosphamide
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Why does adenocarcinoma of bladder happen?
urachal remnant, cystitis gland, and estrophy of lower bladder
Squamous Cell carcinoma of the bladder is caused by what?
Schistosoma haematobium, chronic cystitis, smoking, chronic nephrolithiasis, painless hematuria
What two flavors of this carcinoma are there?
Flat –> mutations in p53
Papillary –> low grade to high grade
Urothelial Carcinoma
What differentiates UTI vs pyelonephritis generally?
UTI has no fever
pyelonephritis has a fever
What is one way that we can have thyrodization of the kidney?
chronic pyelonephritis
What disease is grossly orange nodules that can mimic tumor nodules; characterized by widespread kiney damage due to granulomatous tissue containing foamy macrophages?
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
What renal disease causes a subperioseal thinning of bones?
Renal Osteodystrophy
What has brown casts in the urine, can cause metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia?
acute tubular necrosis
What is this patient at an increased risk thereof?
Berry aneuryms, MVP, benign Hepatic cysts
PKD1 and PKD2, adults
AD PKD
What is this?
Where are the cysts coming from?
What is the main side effect to worry about?
AR PKD
Dilation of collecting ducts
Significant oliguric renal failure
hepatic fibrosis, cysts in the liver
Simple Cysts are asymmptomatic, complex cysts have an increased risk of what?
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Medullary Cystic disease is due to cysts being formed where?
What will they show up as on an echo?
medullary collecting duct
shrunken kidneys on an echo
Angiomyolipoma causes hamartomas that are harmless, what is the overall risk and what disease could they potentially show up from?
risk of causing a hemorrhage
Tuberous sclerosis
Who has LOS name four bacteria?
N. Meningitis
N. Gonnorhea
H. Influenza
B. Pertussis
What is the first line drug for nocturnal enuresis?
imipramine
What drug treats bipolar disorder, seizures at the same time?
What does it inhibit?
Valproic Acid
GABA transaminase
What is used for migraine prevention that is no Sumatriptan, blocks Na channels?
Topiramate
What does Tiagabine do?
What does Vigabatrin do?
Tie on car lift, inhibits GABA reuptake
Increases GABA but blocking GABA transaminase
What are the embyro pouches made from?
endoderm
What are the two things that can cause male breast cancer?
Klinefelter and BRCA2
What disease is the lack of neuronal migration resulting in a smooth brain, no sulci and gyri?
Lissencephaly
What is area of Dopamine Synthesis?
Ventral Tegmentum, SNc
What area is GABA made in?
Nucleus Accumbens
What area of the brain is Norepinephrine made in?
What part of the brain stem is bad?
Locus Ceruleus
Pons
What are of the brain is Serotonin made?
What area of the brain stem is this?
Raphe Nucleus
Medulla
Mesoderm defects are a VACTERL pattern, fill in the rest
V: Vertebrae
A: Anal Atresia
C: Cardiac Defects
T: ?
R: ?
L: ?
T: Tracheal-Esophageal Fistula
R: Renal Defects
L: Limb Defects
If there is no RBC in urine what is not there?
Kidney stone
What two drugs increase urinary calcium?
Thiazide and Citrate
What diseases increase urinary oxalate?
Fat Malabsorption: Crohn’s Disease, Chronic Pancreatitis
Excess Vitamin C and Ethylene Glycol
Beans and Nuts
When there is excess fat in the body, what does calcium bind too?
Fat and not oxalate, this can cause a problem
What kind of screening tool is necessary for kidney stones?
CT Scan with non contrast
What kidney stone will have a positive nitroprusside test?
Cystine Stone
