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Nephro > Renal Path Step 1 review > Flashcards

Renal Path Step 1 review Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is this via urine specimen?

A

Crohn’s Disease

Calcium stone, hypocitaturia

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2
Q

What bacteria causes this stone?

A

Proteus Mirabilis

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

Klebsiella

Struvite or Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate

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3
Q

What disease can cause this stone, what is the treatment?

A

Gout, give allopurinol, alkalize urine

Uric Acid

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4
Q

What disease can cause this?

What three things are there a defect in reabsorbing?

A

Cystine reabsorbing PCT transporter, Fanconi Syndrome, Cystine issues

Cystine Stone

Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine

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5
Q

Where does this carcinoma orginate from?

Wha is the immunotherapy?

A

PCT

aldesleukin stops IL-2

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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6
Q

Where does this benign epithelial cell tumor arise from?

What is seen in the path stain?

A

Collecting Ducts

Large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing

Renal Oncocytoma

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7
Q

Wilms tumor

Aniridia (absence of iris)

Genitourinary malformations

Mental Retardation

What is the disease or chromosome deletion?

A

WT1 deletion, chromosome 11

WAGR

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8
Q

Wilms tumor

early onset nephrotic syndrome

male pseudohermaphroditism

Located where?

What am I?

A

Denys Drash

WT1 mutation Chromosome 11

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9
Q

Wilms Tumor

Macroglossia

Organomegaly

Hemihyperplasia

Neonatal hypoglycemia

What am I?

What is the chromosome deletion?

A

WT-2 Chromosome 11

Beckwith-Wiedemann

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10
Q

Painless hematuria, no casts, what could I be?

A

Transtional Cell Carcinoma

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11
Q

Associated with phenacetin, smoking, aniline, and cyclophosphamide

A

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

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12
Q

Why does adenocarcinoma of bladder happen?

A

urachal remnant, cystitis gland, and estrophy of lower bladder

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13
Q

Squamous Cell carcinoma of the bladder is caused by what?

A

Schistosoma haematobium, chronic cystitis, smoking, chronic nephrolithiasis, painless hematuria

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14
Q

What two flavors of this carcinoma are there?

A

Flat –> mutations in p53

Papillary –> low grade to high grade

Urothelial Carcinoma

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15
Q

What differentiates UTI vs pyelonephritis generally?

A

UTI has no fever

pyelonephritis has a fever

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16
Q

What is one way that we can have thyrodization of the kidney?

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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17
Q

What disease is grossly orange nodules that can mimic tumor nodules; characterized by widespread kiney damage due to granulomatous tissue containing foamy macrophages?

A

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

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18
Q

What renal disease causes a subperioseal thinning of bones?

A

Renal Osteodystrophy

19
Q

What has brown casts in the urine, can cause metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia?

A

acute tubular necrosis

20
Q

What is this patient at an increased risk thereof?

A

Berry aneuryms, MVP, benign Hepatic cysts

PKD1 and PKD2, adults

AD PKD

21
Q

What is this?

Where are the cysts coming from?

What is the main side effect to worry about?

A

AR PKD

Dilation of collecting ducts

Significant oliguric renal failure

hepatic fibrosis, cysts in the liver

22
Q

Simple Cysts are asymmptomatic, complex cysts have an increased risk of what?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

23
Q

Medullary Cystic disease is due to cysts being formed where?

What will they show up as on an echo?

A

medullary collecting duct

shrunken kidneys on an echo

24
Q

Angiomyolipoma causes hamartomas that are harmless, what is the overall risk and what disease could they potentially show up from?

A

risk of causing a hemorrhage

Tuberous sclerosis

25
Q

Who has LOS name four bacteria?

A

N. Meningitis

N. Gonnorhea

H. Influenza

B. Pertussis

26
Q

What is the first line drug for nocturnal enuresis?

A

imipramine

27
Q

What drug treats bipolar disorder, seizures at the same time?

What does it inhibit?

A

Valproic Acid

GABA transaminase

28
Q

What is used for migraine prevention that is no Sumatriptan, blocks Na channels?

A

Topiramate

29
Q

What does Tiagabine do?

What does Vigabatrin do?

A

Tie on car lift, inhibits GABA reuptake

Increases GABA but blocking GABA transaminase

30
Q

What are the embyro pouches made from?

A

endoderm

31
Q

What are the two things that can cause male breast cancer?

A

Klinefelter and BRCA2

32
Q

What disease is the lack of neuronal migration resulting in a smooth brain, no sulci and gyri?

A

Lissencephaly

33
Q

What is area of Dopamine Synthesis?

A

Ventral Tegmentum, SNc

34
Q

What area is GABA made in?

A

Nucleus Accumbens

35
Q

What area of the brain is Norepinephrine made in?

What part of the brain stem is bad?

A

Locus Ceruleus

Pons

36
Q

What are of the brain is Serotonin made?

What area of the brain stem is this?

A

Raphe Nucleus

Medulla

37
Q

Mesoderm defects are a VACTERL pattern, fill in the rest

V: Vertebrae

A: Anal Atresia

C: Cardiac Defects

T: ?

R: ?

L: ?

A

T: Tracheal-Esophageal Fistula

R: Renal Defects

L: Limb Defects

38
Q

If there is no RBC in urine what is not there?

A

Kidney stone

39
Q

What two drugs increase urinary calcium?

A

Thiazide and Citrate

40
Q

What diseases increase urinary oxalate?

A

Fat Malabsorption: Crohn’s Disease, Chronic Pancreatitis

Excess Vitamin C and Ethylene Glycol

Beans and Nuts

41
Q

When there is excess fat in the body, what does calcium bind too?

A

Fat and not oxalate, this can cause a problem

42
Q

What kind of screening tool is necessary for kidney stones?

A

CT Scan with non contrast

43
Q

What kidney stone will have a positive nitroprusside test?

A

Cystine Stone

44
Q
A

Nephro (4 decks)

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