Renal Path 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is visceral epithelium incorporated into?

A

Capillary wall-podocytes

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2
Q

Where is parietal epithelium?

A

Lining Bowman’s space

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3
Q

What type of collagen monomers form the backbone of the GBM?

A

Type IV collagen

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4
Q

What is the antigenic site in anti-GBM nephritis?

A

NC1 (nonollagenous domain at carboxyl terminus of collagen helix)

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5
Q

What do the podocytes interdigitate with?

A

Lamina rara externa

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6
Q

Name 2 slit diaphragm proteins

A

Nephrin and podocin

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7
Q

What type of cells make scars?

A

Mesangial cells (of mesenchymal origin)

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8
Q

What is the number one cause of acute renal failure?

A

Renal tubular necrosis (often due to ischemia)

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9
Q

What does the macula densa detect?

A

Cl- delivery

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10
Q

Which type of renal disease is typically immune mediated?

A

Glomerular

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11
Q

Which type of renal disease is usually due to toxic/ischemic and inflammatory reactions?

A

Tubulointerstitial

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12
Q

Which type of renal disease is ususally due to some occlusiveness or vasculitis?

A

Vascular

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13
Q

What is azotemia?

A

increased BUN and creatinine

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14
Q

What is uremia?

A

Azotemia + clinical symptoms (gastroenteritis, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, pruritis, pericarditis etc.)

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15
Q

What will you hear in a bread & butter uremic pericarditis?

A

3 component friction rub

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16
Q

What is the GFR less than in chronic renal failure?

A
17
Q

What are the 4 stages of renal disease?

A
  1. Diminished renal reserve (GFR around 50 % of normal)
  2. Renal insufficieicny (GFR 20-50 %, azotemia, anemia, HTN)
  3. Renal failure (GFR
18
Q

What is normal creatinine?

A

0.7 to 1.5 mg/dL

19
Q

What is uremia?

A

Azotemia + clinical symptoms (gastroenteritis, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, pruritis, pericarditis etc.)

20
Q

What will you hear in a bread & butter uremic pericarditis?

A

3 component friction rub

21
Q

What is the GFR less than in chronic renal failure?

A
22
Q

What is the most common acquired cause of a renal tubular defect?

A

Lead toxicity

23
Q

What is the best overall measure of kidney function?

A

GFR

24
Q

What is the equation for clearance?

A

UV/P
U= urine concentration
V=urine flow
P=plasma concentration

25
Q

If you use creatinine to approximate GFR, is it high or low? Why?

A

High! because some is secreted by proximal tubule

26
Q

At what GFR should you refer to nephrologis?

A
27
Q

What is BUN?

A

Major end product of protein nitrogen metabolism

28
Q

What is normal BUN?

A

10-20 mg/dl

29
Q

What pre-renal things may increase BUN?

A

High protein diet
GI bleed
hemolysis
catabolism (burns, fever, stress)

30
Q

What things might cause a renal increase in BUN?

A

glomerular disease, acute tubular necrosis, interstitial disease

31
Q

What post-renal causes could increase BUN?

A

Urinary tract obstruction

Benign prostatic hypertrophy etc.

32
Q

What is serum creatinine?

A

waste product formed by the spontaneous dehydration of body creatine

33
Q

What is normal creatinine?

A

0.7 to 1.5 mg/dL

34
Q

What is the normal BUN: Creatinine ratio?

A

10-20:1

35
Q

If the FENa is less than 1 %, does that favor pre-renal or renal disease?

A

pre-renal

36
Q

if FENa is more than 2 %, does that favor pre-renal or renal disease?

A

Renal disease (ATN)

37
Q

Why does the FeNa go up in ATN?

A

Because the tubules can’t reabsorb and the urine concentration of Na is high!

38
Q

What are urine protein dipsticks sensitive to?

A

ONLY ALBUMIN