Lab 7: Lower Abdomen II

Question 1

What is the trigone derived from embryologically?

Answer 1

Distal ends of mesonephric ducts which are absorbed into the bladder wall.

Question 2

What slows the movement of feces through the rectum?

Answer 2

Transverse rectal folds

Question 3

What is the dual venous drainage with the separation being the pectinate line?

Answer 3

Above: Middle and superior rectal veins to the inferior mesenteric vein (portal)

Below: inferior rectal veins to the internal iliac veins (systemic)

Question 4

Where does lymphatic drainage form the superficial perineal structures go?

Answer 4

Directly to the superficial inguinal nodes then to the external iliac nodes.

Question 5

Where does the funnel-shaped pelvic diaphragm hang from?

Answer 5

Tendinous arch of obturator internus

Question 6

What 2 muscles constitute the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 6

Levator ani

Coccygeus

Question 7

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

Answer 7

L4

Question 8

Where do the common iliac arteries divide into internal and external iliac arteries?

Answer 8

Pelvic brim

Question 9

What is the obliterated portion of the umbilical artery in an adult?

Answer 9

Medial umbilical ligament

Question 10

What is the course of Internal Pudendal Artery?

Answer 10

Passes through the greater sciatic foramen, passes over the sacrospinous ligament and through the lesser sciatic foramen into the perineum.

Question 11

In relation to the piriformis, where does the superior gluteal artery enter the gluteal region

Answer 11

Above piriformis

Question 12

Where does the superior gluteal artery exit the pelvis?

Answer 12

Between the lumbosacral trunk (L4,5) and S1

Question 13

What does the uterine artery lie within?

Answer 13

The transverse cervical ligament (aka cardinal ligament) that extends from the supravaginal cervix to the lateral pelvic walls.

Question 14

What is the direction and angle of the vagina?

Answer 14

Directed posteriorly and superiorly at 40-60 degree angle

Question 15

What is the angle between the vagina and the uterus?

Answer 15

90 degrees

The normal position of the uterus is anteverted and anteflexed.

Question 16

At what level does the uterus bend forward on itself?

Answer 16

internal os

Question 17

What are uterine and vaginal arteries branches of?

Answer 17

Anterior division of the internal iliac artery

Question 18

What are the perineal arteries branches of?

Answer 18

Internal pudendal

Question 19

Does the ureter pass over or under the uterine artery?

Answer 19

under

Question 20

What is the role of skeletal muscle in the prostate?

Answer 20

propels semen into the penile urethra

Question 21

What is the role of smooth muscle in the prostate?

Answer 21

prevents urine flow during ejaculation. SO COOL

Question 22

In females, what do the Mullerian ducts (MDs) become?

Answer 22

vagina and uterus

Question 23

What zone of the prostate is carcinoma most commonly found in?

Answer 23

Peripheral zone (the part we palpate on rectal exam)

Question 24

What is normal PSA?

Answer 24

1-4 ng/mL

Question 25

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?

Answer 25

Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

Question 26

A 48 year-old man is undergoing cystoscopic exam. The cystoscope is placed into the penile portion of the urethra. Which of the following tissues surrounds the penile urethra?

A. prostate
B. corpus spongiosum
C. seminal colliculus
D. sphincter urethrae muscles
E. pelvic diaphragm

Answer 26

B. Corpus spongiosum

Question 27

The pectinate line is a landmark for what?

Answer 27

Division of portal vs. systemic venous drainage

Question 28

The superior gluteal artery exits the pelvis between which of the following structures?

A. coccygeus and levator ani
B. Gemellus superior and piriformis
C. ischial spine and coccyx
D. psoas and the lumbosacral trunk
E. S1 and L4/5

Answer 28

E. S1 and L4/5