Renal - Part 1

Question 1

Kidney receives what percentage of the cardiac output?

Answer 1

20-25%

Question 2

What is the functional unit of the Kidney?

Answer 2

(smallest component of an organ or organ
system that can perform all of its main physiologic activities independently)


Question 3

What is the functional unit of the Kidney? 


Answer 3

Nephron

Question 4

Cd5. 80% of theses Nephrons are found in the Cortex, therefore, they are called

Answer 4

“Cortical
Nephrons”


Question 5

20% of these Nephrons are in part found in the Medulla (have long “Loop of Henle),
therefore, they are called the

Answer 5

“Juxtamedullary nephrons”.


Question 6

How many nephrons are found in one Kidney?

Answer 6

I million


Question 7

The glomerulus is created by the?

Answer 7

Afferent arteriole


Question 8

9. Blood travels away from the Glomerulus via the?

Answer 8

Efferent arteriole


Question 9

10. What part of the Nephron completely surrounds the Glomerulus?

Answer 9

Bowman’s capsule


Question 10

11. What is the Renal Corpuscle?

Answer 10

Bowman’s capsule + Glomerulus


Question 11

12. What part of the Nephron controls the process of Filtration?

Answer 11

Renal Corpuscle


Question 12

13. What substance is neither secreted not reabsorbed at the Nephron?

Answer 12

Creatinine ( &
Inulin

Question 13

14. What are the 6 components of a Nephron?


Answer 13

a. Glomerulus (Afferent & Efferent arteriole)
b. Bowman’s capsule
c. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
d. Loop of Henle
e. Distal Convoluted Tubule (Macula Densa found here)
f. Collecting duct


Question 14

15. If I test for the health of the one million Renal Corpuscles that are present in one
healthy Kidney, what process will I be testing? Filtration (GFR – Glomerular Filtration
Rate ‐ dependents upon):


Answer 14

a. Effective Renal blood Flow.
b. Healthy Glomerulus
c. Healthy Bowman’s capsule


Question 15

16. What is a Nephron?

Answer 15

It is highly convoluted tubule. At the beginning of this tube
blood is filtered. The filtered blood is called the “Filtrate”. The filtrate travels through
the hollow tube that is called the Nephron and eventually becomes Urine


Question 16

17. Macula Densa serve as 


Answer 16

Chemoreceptors

Question 17

18. Macula Densa sense the levels of

Answer 17

Sodium and other electrolytes.


Question 18

19. Where are the JG cells located?

Answer 18

In the walls of the Afferent arteriole mostly.


Question 19

20. JG cells do what?

Answer 19

Produce and secrete “RENIN” after stimulation from the Macula
Densa.


Question 20

21. What is the JG apparatus (juxtamedullary apparatus) composed of…?

Answer 20

Macula Densa
+ JG cells


Question 21

22. What is the major location of the action of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

Answer 21

Collecting
duct via aquaporins (special receptors)


Question 22

23. What is the role of the Renal Pelvis?

Answer 22

Is a collection of tubule that simply collect Urine
and coalesce together to form the Ureter

Question 23

24. What epithelium lines the Ureter and the Urinary Bladder?

Answer 23

Transitional epithelium


Question 24

25. What is the major difference in the shape of size of the Loop of Henle in Cortical &
Juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 24

Juxtamedullary nephrons have a long loop of Henle (Cortical
nephrons have a short loop of Henle)


Question 25

Kidney is what percent of body weight

Answer 25

.4%