Endocrine - Part 1 Flashcards
- After the Central Nervous System, the _________ system is the second major regulatory system of the Human Body
Endocrine
- Cholesterol based Hormones end with a suffix “one”.
1
- How is the Human Endocrine system regulated?
It is regulated by a system of negative feedback.
- Blood sugar is regulated by these hormones: Hypergylcemic VS Hypoglycemic
1) Glucagon (elevates) 2) Growth hormone (elevates) 3) Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (Slight elevation) 4) Insulin (Lowers)
- What hormone is regulating the metabolism of the cells of the body in general and is responsible for the BMR (Basal metabolic rate).
THYROXIN (THYROID HORMONE).
- What hormone is required to prime almost each and every cell of the body before any other hormone can produce its requisite effect on these cells?
THYROXIN (THYROID HORMONE).
- Blood calcium levels rise due to the action of
Parathyroid hormone (PTH).
- Blood Calcium falls due to the action of
Calcitonin
- Master endocrine gland:
Hypothalamus
- Syndromes that are associated with tumors that secrete hormones that are under the normal regulation _ Negative feedback mechanism –
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)
- What is the level of FSH & LH in the blood of prepubertal boys and girls?
Zero
- Precocious puberty?
Before 8 years of age in a baby girl and before 9 years of age in a baby boy
- Humoral Stimuli (Levels of Electrolytes)that lead to the production and release of Hormones.
1) Blood sodium levels 2) Blood calcium levels –
- Three major symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 – Insulin levels are zero):
1) Polydyspsia (increased thirst) 2) Polyuria (increased urination) 3) Polyphagia (Increased appetite)
- Tropic hormones:
These hormones act on other Endocrine glands and regulate the production and secretion of other hormones.
- 7 Hormones produced by Anterior Pituitary gland
i) Prolactin (PRL) ii) Lutenizing hormone (LH) iii)Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) iv) Growth hormone (GH) v) Thyroid Stimulating hormone(TSH) vi) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) vii)Melanocyte Stimulating hormone (MSH)
If thyroid hormone is absent in the new born and “Replacement therapy is not initiated, the Child would be mentally handicapped and is termed a
“CRETIN”.
PTH stimulates the
Osteoclasts (breakdown bone) which release calcium into the Blood.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (PRODUCED AND♣ RELEASED BY
THE Anterior Pituitary gland)
Thyroid stimulating hormone function
– Regulates production and release of Thyroid hormone from the Thyroid gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone: function?
Regulates production and release of the hormones from the Adrenal Cortex
a) Zona Glomerulosa: secretes what hormone? Hormones function?
Aldosterone (regulates blood sodium levels)
b) Zona Fasciculata: secretes what hormone?
Hormone function?
Glucocorticoids (Hydrocortisone, Cortisone, Cortisol and etc.). These hormones are universally anti-inflammatory and anti-human immune system. They are most widely used hormones in medications.
c) Zona reticularis: what hormones are secreted here?
And their function?
Androgens (lead to the male secondary sexual characteristics)are produced: Testosterone
- Posterior Pituitary gland function?
(does not produce ANY hormones. Posterior Pituitary gland simply stores and secretes these hormone)
What hormones are released by posterior pituitary gland?
ADH
Oxytocin
Oxytocin 4 functions
(used to induceϖ labor)
Uterine contractions
Child birth
Orgasm
Ejection of milk from the Breasts
Prolactin function
– Production of milk from the breasts.
Lutenizing hormone (LH) function
– In males it stimulates the Interstitial cells of Leydig in the Testes and leads to the production of Testosterone.
In females it is the sole hormone that is responsible for Ovulation
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) function?
In both males and females is responsible for the development and maturation of the germ cells (ovum and the sperms)
Stages of blood sodium regulation
– Renin – Angiotensinogen – Aldosterone (elevates Blood Sodium levels)
Stages of blood calcium regulation
Calcitonin (lowers blood calcium levels)
PTH (elevates blood calcium levels
