Endocrine - Part 1

Question 1

2. After the Central Nervous System, the _________ system is the second major regulatory system of the Human Body


Answer 1

Endocrine

Question 2

3. Cholesterol based Hormones end with a suffix “one”.


Answer 2

1

Question 3

4. How is the Human Endocrine system regulated?

Answer 3

It is regulated by a system of negative feedback.

Question 4

5. Blood sugar is regulated by these hormones: Hypergylcemic VS Hypoglycemic


Answer 4

1) Glucagon (elevates)
2) Growth hormone (elevates)
3) Epinephrine and Norepinephrine (Slight elevation)
4) Insulin (Lowers)


Question 5

6. What hormone is regulating the metabolism of the cells of the body in general and is responsible for the BMR (Basal metabolic rate).

Answer 5

THYROXIN (THYROID HORMONE).


Question 6

7. What hormone is required to prime almost each and every cell of the body before any other hormone can produce its requisite effect on these cells?

Answer 6

THYROXIN (THYROID HORMONE).

Question 7

8. Blood calcium levels rise due to the action of

Answer 7

Parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Question 8

9. Blood Calcium falls due to the action of

Answer 8

Calcitonin

Question 9

1. Master endocrine gland: 


Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

10. Syndromes that are associated with tumors that secrete hormones that are under the normal regulation _ Negative feedback mechanism –

Answer 10

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)


Question 11

11. What is the level of FSH & LH in the blood of prepubertal boys and girls? 


Answer 11

Zero

Question 12

12. Precocious puberty?

Answer 12

Before 8 years of age in a baby girl and before 9 years of age in a baby boy


Question 13

13. Humoral Stimuli (Levels of Electrolytes)that lead to the production and release of Hormones.


Answer 13

1) Blood sodium levels
2) Blood calcium levels –

Question 14

15. Three major symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 – Insulin levels are zero):


Answer 14

1) Polydyspsia (increased thirst)
2) Polyuria (increased urination)
3) Polyphagia (Increased appetite)


Question 15

16. Tropic hormones: 

 


Answer 15

These hormones act on other Endocrine glands and regulate the production and secretion of other hormones.

Question 16

18. 7 Hormones produced by Anterior Pituitary gland


Answer 16

i) Prolactin (PRL)
ii) Lutenizing hormone (LH) 
iii)Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
iv) Growth hormone (GH)
v) Thyroid Stimulating hormone(TSH)
vi) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
vii)Melanocyte Stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 17

If thyroid hormone is absent in the new born and “Replacement therapy is not initiated, the Child would be mentally handicapped and is termed a

Answer 17

“CRETIN”.


Question 17

PTH stimulates the

Answer 17

Osteoclasts (breakdown bone) which release calcium into the Blood.


Question 18

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (PRODUCED AND♣ RELEASED BY

Answer 18

THE Anterior Pituitary gland)

Question 19

Thyroid stimulating hormone function

Answer 19

– Regulates production and release of Thyroid hormone from the Thyroid gland

Question 20

Adrenocorticotropic hormone: function?

Answer 20

Regulates production and release of the hormones from the Adrenal Cortex

Question 21

a) Zona Glomerulosa: secretes what hormone? Hormones function?



Answer 21

Aldosterone (regulates blood sodium levels)

Question 22

b) Zona Fasciculata: secretes what hormone?

Hormone function?

Answer 22

Glucocorticoids (Hydrocortisone, Cortisone, Cortisol and etc.). These hormones are universally anti-inflammatory and anti-human immune system. They are most widely used hormones in medications.

Question 23

c) Zona reticularis: what hormones are secreted here?

And their function?

Answer 23

Androgens (lead to the male secondary sexual characteristics)are produced: Testosterone


Question 24

17. Posterior Pituitary gland function?

Answer 24

(does not produce ANY hormones. Posterior Pituitary gland simply stores and secretes these hormone)

Question 25

What hormones are released by posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 25

ADH 


Oxytocin

Question 26

Oxytocin 4 functions

Answer 26

(used to induceϖ labor)

Uterine contractions
Child birth
Orgasm
Ejection of milk from the Breasts

Question 27

Prolactin function

Answer 27

– Production of milk from the breasts.

Question 28

Lutenizing hormone (LH) function

Answer 28

– In males it stimulates the Interstitial cells of Leydig in the Testes and leads to the production of Testosterone.
In females it is the sole hormone that is responsible for Ovulation

Question 29

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) function?

Answer 29

In both males and females is responsible for the development and maturation of the germ cells (ovum and the sperms)

Question 30

Stages of blood sodium regulation

Answer 30

– Renin – Angiotensinogen – Aldosterone (elevates Blood Sodium levels)

Question 31

Stages of blood calcium regulation

Answer 31

Calcitonin (lowers blood calcium levels)

PTH (elevates blood calcium levels