Renal (MS2) Flashcards
thiazide dirutectics primary use
- first line treatment for hypertension
- cardiovascular benefits
- less electrolyte wasting than loop dirutectics (less powerful)
loop diuretics primary use
- reserved for conditions with significant fluid overload (ie. congestive heart failure)
- preferred treatment for advanced chronic kidney disease with lots of fluid overload.
diuretic type most likely to cause volume depletion and hypokalemia
loop diuretics (most dangerous)
hydrochlorothiazide drug type
thiazide diuretic
furosemide drug type
loop diuretic
torsemide drug type
loop diuretic
bumetanide diuretic type
loop diuretic
spironolactone diuretic type
potassium-sparing diuretic
acetazolamide drug type
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
fosfomycin drug type
urinary tract anti infectives
oxybutynin drug type
antispasmotic
tolterodine drug type
antispasmotic
mannitol drug type
osmotic diuretic
tamulosin drug type
alpha adrenergic blocker
doxazosin drug type
alpha adrenergic blocker
phenazpyridine (pyridium) drug type
urinary tract analgesia
the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis
peritonitis
hyperkalemia may cause a ______ on EKG readings
peaked T wave
a patient needing diaeresis but has hypokalemia would take
spironolactone
the type of pain resulting from infection reaching the kidneys is usually called _____
flank pain
the second phase of acute kidney injury that may require an increase in fluid intake
diuresis
loop diuretics work on the
loop of Henle
thazide diuretics work on the
distal convoluted tubule
spironolactone works on the
collecting duct
LPN’s are legally allowed to administer ______ medications
oral
heart failure would be a _____ renal cause for AKI and thus a reason for maintaining proper cardiac output
pre renal cause
in nephrotic syndrome, an assessment of ______ gain may be expected
weight gain
nephrotic syndrome is where _____
the glomeruli are damaged resulting in protein loss in the urine
four hallmark effects of nephrotic syndrome
proteinuria
hypoalbuminema
edema
hyperlipidemia
first line diuretic treatment for hypertension
thiazide diuretics
transplant rejection within 48 hours is called
hyperacute rejection
CKD and use of ace inhibitors may cause elevation in what electrolyte
potassium
if urinalysis shows elevated / positive leukocyte counts, then a ______ would be taken for culture / sensitivity
clean catch urine specimen
resolving glomerulonephritis should also be seen in reduction of _______
periorbital edema
_______ adjusts how steadily your heart beats
potassium
biggest concern with dialysis
protein loss
the initial sign of AKI
oliguria
the diuretic phase of AKI may result in _______ specific gravity
low specific gravity
elderly clients may experience a _____ in GFR
reduction
With this dialysis type, blood is allowed to flow a few ounces at a time through a special filter that removes wastes and extra fluids. then clean blood is returned to your body
hemodialysis
phenazpyridine is used for _______
pain alleviation
phenazpyridine can sometimes cause _____ which is harmless
urine color changes
_______ is a dangerous side effect of urinary antispasmotic medications
urinary retention
thiazide diuretcs should be avoided in patients with
gout
CKD usually causes fluid build up in the body and commonly ends up in the _____
lungs
brownish colored urine is an expected effect of
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin is an ________ used for _____
antibiotic medication primarily used to treat uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections
oxybutin chloride has side effects that are consistent with ______ effects
anticholinergic effects
after IVP dye, the nurse should have the patient ______ fluids
increase fluid intake
the most life threatening effect of kidney failure is _____
buildup and retention of potassium
treatment for end stage renal failure
dialysis
glomerulonephritis can occur after a _______ infection
streptococcal infection
peritoneal dialysis does not require a ____ to be effective
machine
peritoneal dialysis filtration system is based on ______
gravity
when the kidneys are no longer able to work at a level needed for a day to day basis
end stage renal disease
ESRD stands for
end stage renal disease
nephrotic damage as a result of diabetes can lead to
albuminuria
most common cause of end stage renal failure
diabetes
diuretics should be taken in the
morning
a finding of _______ and ______ in the urine is abnormal
blood and protein
when pyelogram constrast is administered, _____ should be done afterward to protect the kidneys from toxicity
hydration
nitrofurantoin adverse effects
opportunistic infection
stained teeth
brownish dark colored urine
_____ and _____ adversely interact with loop diuretics
aminoglycosides and digoxin
fast administration of loop diuretics can cause
tinnitus
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
GFR of ______ or below is indicative of chronic kidney disease
60 or below
AV fistula consideration
must mature 2 to 4 months before use.
with peritoneal dialysis, ______ are contraindicated
anticoagulants
what is Urine C&S lab
urine culture and sensitivity is taken by collecting a clean catch midstream urine sample and culturing for growth in a container to identify bacteria
for 24 hour urine collection, _______ the first urination of the morning and collect the rest in a container all day
flush the first of the day
normal urine output is
30 mL per hour
benthanechol CL
urinary stimulant
A WET BED
acid
water
electrolytes
toxins
blood pressure
erythropoeitin
D-vitamin
thiazide diuretics three adverse effects
hypokalemia
hyperuricemia
hyperglycemia
treatment for disequilibrium syndrome
mannitol to decrease intracranial pressure
crede’s maneuver
pressure pressed on the abdomen and pelvis to induce urination during states of urinary retention
decreased BUN could mean
malnutrition
fluid volume excess
severe hepatic damage
test that identifies urinary reflux
VCUG voiding cystourethrogram
renal biopsy post care activity
regular activity can result if not bleeding after 24 hours
strenuous activity can be resumed after 1 to 2 weeks
post kidney transplant _____ for 24 hours following
measure output hourly for 24 hours following
post kidney transplant urine specimines should be taken _____
daily urine specimen
urine is ____ and _____ after kidney transplant for _____ to _____ days after
pink and bloody urine for 3 to 7 days after kidney transplant
hyperacute reaction signs
48 hours
increased temperature
increased blood pressure
acute reaction signs
1 week to anytime post surgery
oliguria
lethargy
elevated BUN and creatinine
chronic rejection signs
slow buildup of fluid retention and elevated kidney markers down the road
stress incontinence
coughing, sneezing, lifting
weakened pelvic floor
urethra unable to tighten when bladder pressure increases
overflow incontinence
bladder overfills leading to leaking
urge incontinence
patient percieves the need to urinate all the time which happens frequently
spastic bladder
functional incontinence
unable to reach the bathroom in time due to cognitive or physical limitations
give bethanechol ____ meals
1 hour prior or 2 hours after meals due to nausea and vomiting potential
interstitial cystitis is ______
bladder inflammation in absence of bacteria with no infection
polycystic kidney disease two top priorities
blood pressure and pain control
brown cola colored urine is specific to _____
glomerulonephritis
ataxia is
loss of muscle control resulting in uncoordinated movements
azotemia is
presence of nitrogenous bodies such as urea in increased amounts in the blood
oliguria is
decreased urine output marked by 400ml or less per day
uremia is
condition where azotemia progresses to a symptomatic state
frothy urine is key of _____
nephrotic syndrome
cola colored urine is key of _____
glomerulonephritis
key characteristics of nephrotic syndrome
severe edema
hypoalbuminemia
hyperlipidemia
massive protein loss
frothy urine
key characteristics of glomerulonephritis
hematuria (cola colored urine)
hypertension
oliguria
hematuria is not seen in ______
nephrotic syndrome
kidney function is impaired in ______ but may be normal in
impaired in glomerulonephritis but may be normal in early nephrotic syndrome
ACE inhibitors and ARBs are used to ________ in nephrotic syndrome
reduce protein loss
lupus causes _______
nephrotic syndrome
strep causes _____
glomerulonephritis
tamulosin and doxazosin (alpha adrenergic blockers) are used to treat _____
BPH
GFR of ____ or less for 3 months or more indicates end stage renal failure
15 or less
