GI (ms2) Flashcards
what medication has a metallic taste and is used to treat pylori infections
metronidazole
metronidazole is a
antibiotic medication used to treat gastrointestinal infections and skin infections
scopolamine can be used to treat
severe nausea postoperatively
three medications prescribed for constipation
lactulose
phyllium
docusate sodium
misoprostol is a
synthetic prostaglandin medication used in prevention of stomach ulcers caused by NSAIDs
dronabinol is
synthetic oral THC used for nausea and appetite stimulation in cancer and HIV patients.
during this diagnostic test the patient swallows a white chalky substance mixed with water
barium swallow study
preparing a patient for a colonoscopy includes which of the following
no ASA, NSAIDs, or anticoagulants
NPO 4-6 hours prior
patient is placed on their _____ side for colonoscopy
left side with knees bent up toward the chest
two required for patient undergoing a liver biopsy
lay patient on right side post operatively
needle insertion on exhalation
this occurs when the bowel is physically blocked by a tumor, fecal impaction or adhesions from surgery
mechanical obstruction
this is caused by a neuromuscular disorder that results in decreased or absent peristalsis
paralytic ileus
non mechanical obstruction
signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction
abdominal distension, abdominal pain, constipation, possible nausea and vomiting, absent bowel sounds
foods to avoid with a colostomy
eggs, fish, asparagus, garlic, beans, dark green leafy veggies, cranberry juice, buttermilk
digestive disorder that prevents your body from effectively absorbing nutrients from your food
malabsorption syndrome
population is at increased risk for cardiac or renal insufficiency, life threatening fluid and electrolyte imbalances
gerontological population
signs and symptoms of severe GERD
belching, sore throat, hoarseness, nausea and vomiting
this condition is treated by avoidance of precipitators, GI rest, H2 blockers and antibiotics
gastritis / gastroenteritis
black tarry stools, (broken down blood), foul smelling, black appearance
melena
this tube should be flushed with at least 30 to 50 ml of water or normal saline after each feed. routine care should cleans the site daily with soap and water. clean dressing changes with medications given separately
g tube, peg tube
g tube vs peg tube differences
g tube - a general term used for any feeding tube inserted directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall.
peg tube - percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, a specific type of g tube placed using an endoscopic procedure.
peg tube vs g tube pros vs cons
peg tube:
less invasive
can be performed under moderate sedation or local anesthesia
shorter procedure time
quicker recovery
surgical g tube:
more invasive procedure
requires general anesthesia
longer procedure time
longer recovery period
stool from this area of a colostomy can be expected to remain liquid because little bile is available to reabsorb the liquid
ascending colostomy
this condition presents a board like abdomen with shoulder pain and is the most lethal complication of peptic ulcers disease
bowel perforation
inflammation or infection of small pouches that form the lining of the digestive system
diverticulitis
this inflammatory bowel disease causes inflammation and ulcers of large intestine
ulcerative colitis
the break down of hemoglobin results in this pigment
bilirubin
this is scarred bands of liver tissue from damage
cirrhosis
increased pressure in the portal vein which carries blood from the digestive organs into the liver
portal hypertension
this occurs from a buildup of ammonia in the body that eventually builds up in the brain which causes confusion
encephalopathy
condition occurs because of blocked pancreatic duct or scar tissue further causing inflammation and infection. can be autoimmune
pancreatitis
risk factors for this condition include ETOH abuse, gallstones, trauma, surgery, bilary tract disease, medication toxicity
risk factors of pancreatitis
side lower back bruising that appears as blue discoloration, and is a sign of retroperitoneal hemorrhage
turners sign
pain management, pancreatic enzymes, and lifestyle changes to slow down the progression of the disease. no smoking, no ETOH
treatment for pancreatitis
a chronic inflammatory, auto immune disease with exacerbations and remissions
crohn’s disease
prochlorperazine type
haloperidol type
dopamine antagonists
ondansetron type
serotonin receptor agonist
Omeprazole type
pantoprazole type
proton pump inhibitors
sucralfate type
pepsin inhibitors
misoprostol type
synthetic prostaglandin
kaolin type
bismuth subaslicylate type
absorbents (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
pale, cold skin
rapid, shallow breathing
weak and rapid pulse
low blood pressure
signs of shock
rouvsing’s sign
pressure applied to the left lower quadrant - positive is pain felt by peritoneal irritation being caused by an inf lammed appendix - used to diagnose acute appendicitis
psoa’s sign
press on hip passive range of motion - pain in abdomen suggests appendicitis
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
PTC
x ray of biliary bile duct
if NG tube is partially removed
remove tube, contact provider
weakness
dizziness
vertigo
diaphoresis
tachycardia
signs of dumping syndrome
TPN can only run through
central venous catheters (CVCs)
peripherally inserted central cathetars (PICC)
t tubes are placed in order to
common bile duct while the duct heals after surgery
placed in order to prevent duct stricture after gallstone removal
tube residuals are
amount of food / chyme in the stomach or intestine which has not been digested yet or moved forward down the digestive tract
patients should avoid lying ________ after feedings
flat (less than 30 degree angle)
vitamin B12 is given post-op for which procedure
gastric bypass
aluminum based antacids can cause
constipation
after needle biopsy of the liver, the client is placed on the
right side to provide pressure to prevent bleeding
adverse effects of ondansetron
headache, dizziness, diarrhea
disease most likely to cause fistulation into the bowel and urinary tract
crohn’s disease
prochlorperazine is an
antipsychotic medication used to treat nausea, vomiting and vertigo
excessive use of H2 blocking medications can result in
vitamin B12 deficiencies
what is avoided in crohn’s disease
dietary fiber
a client who has heart failure must avoid
sodium based laxatives
liver cirrhosis and acute pancreatitis contraindications
do not elevate head of bed
when does pain from duodenal ulcers occur
between meals and at night
taking antiplatelets with peptic ulcer disease is
contraindicated
gastric restriction surgery is for
alternative to bariatric surgery that makes a small restrictive pouch in the stomach that is designed to limit food intake
marker for short term nutritional status and protein synthesis levels
pre albumin
fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
water soluble vitamins
B complex
vitamin C
which mineral is administered 2 hours after antibiotics
zinc
_______ reduces antibiotic absorption and bioavailability
zinc
nutritional assessment
height and weight
BMI
A1C
Albumin
malnourishment is indicated by
protein catabolism exceeds protein intake = negative nitrogen balance
RNYGB
gastric bypass surgery where part of small intestine is cut and connected to top of the stomach to allow partial amounts of food to bypass the D and J into the Ilium
RNYGB
rouxeny gastric bypass
marker for long term nutritional status and long term protein synthesis rates
albumin
manifestations of vitamin A toxicity
leukopenia, aplastic anemia, hair loss, peeling skin
vitamin E increases ________
prothrombin time when combined with anticoagulant therapy
vitamin E functions to
antioxidant protection by neutralizing free radicals
maintains a strong immune system against viruses and bacteria
manifestations of vitamin E toxicity
headache, fatigue, GI upset
vitamin C toxicity manifestations
GI upset, diarrhea, crystalluria, sickle cell crisis
aspirin with vitamin C
aspirin can reduce the GI’s absorption of vitamin C
vitamin B6 (folate) functions
DNA synthesis
tissue growth
B6 folate deficiency manifestations
anorexia, nausea, stomatitis, diarrhea, fatigue, alopecia
B6 folate during pregnancy helps prevent
neural tube defects
B6 folate ______ phenytoin levels
lowers bioavailability of phenytoin
B12 is excreted by what
the gastric mucosa
medications that cause B12 deficiency
metformin , PPIs
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome is
brain disorder caused by thiamine B1 deficiency which consists of two different presentations
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Korsakoff’s psychosis
thiamine B1 is used to treat
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome and alcohol abuse which depletes the brain of thiamine B1
fat soluble vitamins must be taken with
food and a full glass of water
medications that cause decreased iron absorption
penicillin
fluoroquinolones
peppermint
St John’s
chamomile
