Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

High Yield Review > Renal, Liver and Pancreas > Flashcards

Renal, Liver and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Nephrogenic DI

A
  1. ADH receptor does not respond to ADH
  2. dilute urine
    3 lithium a common cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common site of ischemia in kidney

A

medullary component

proximal tubule and loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Complications of polycystic kidney disease

A
  1. liver cysts
  2. berry aneurysm
  3. mvp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SIADH

A

Causes:

  1. chlorpropamide
  2. carbamesapine
  3. cyclophasphamide

Labs:
Urine osm > serum osm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ATN

A

Cannot reabsorb Na

  1. reversible
  2. muddle brown casts in urine
  3. low K

Fena >1
Urine Na >30
Low urine osm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

Membranous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kidney disease in DN

A
  1. nodular hyaline glomerulosclerosis
  2. KW nodule
  3. commonly leads to papillary necrosis
  4. mesangial hyperplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alport Sx

A
  1. X lined

2. pt is deaf and has nephritis with hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

WBC casts in urine
CVA tenderness

Veicoureteral reflesx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Minimal change disease

A

EM: effacement of foot processes of podocytes
LM: normal

tx: steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal artery stenosis

A

JGA hyperplasia

due to fibromuscular dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ace inhibitor

A

dilates efferent arteriole

decrease in GFR and FF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fabry’s disease

A

Def alpha galactosidase
Accumulation of ceramide trihxoside

angiokeratomas
renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Membranous nephropathy

A

Loss of heparin sulfate negative charge

loss of albumin

IF: granular
Loss of antithrombin III
EM: subepithelial hump

thickened capillary wall from immune complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

A
  1. Origin: proximal tubule
  2. commonly leads to left varicocele
  3. Histology: clear cytoplasm with glycogen and lipids

Common in VHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

marker for renal blood flow

A

PAH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Potter syndrome

A

Low amniotic fluid (oligohydraminos)
1. b/l renal agenesis
2 hypoplastic lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Horseshoe kidney

A

1 stuck on IMA

2. turner syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ureter passes ____ to uterine artery

A

posterior

water under the bridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PTH

A

Decrease PO4 reabsorbed

Increased Ca absorbed

Enhances alpha 1 hydroxylase in hidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

AIN

A

Caused by drugs and pregnancy

NSAIDs, Narcotics, OTC pain meds
WBC in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

REnal papillary necrosis

A
  1. sickle cell
    2 DM
    3 AIN
23
Q

Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis

A

Common in HIV pts and drug users

24
Q

Membranoproliferative

A

hap B

25
Q

PSGN

A

1 cola colored urien

  1. periorbital edema
  2. Resolves spontaneously
  3. Anti strep o and low C3
  4. M protein is virulence factor
26
Q

IgA nephropathy

A

most common

  1. deposits in mesangium
  2. painless hematuria (2-3 days post URI)
  3. paapable purpura then henoch schonlein purpura
27
Q

Wilm’s tumor

A
  1. child
  2. palpable flank mask U/L
  3. Mutat WT-1 gene
28
Q

Angiomyolipoma

A 
B/l renal mass 
Tuberous sclerosis  (with cerebella hamartoma, ash leaf spots, and facial angioma)
29
Q

SCC of bladder

A

from shistosoma hematobium (middle east)

30
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma

A

tobacco, rubber plants, dye

31
Q

Cyclosporin

A

inhibits calcineurin

Decreases level of iL-1

32
Q

Acetazolamide

A

inhibits carbonic anhydrase

HCO3 in urine

33
Q

Thiazides

A

work at dCT

Hypercalcemia

34
Q

High Bilirubin in newborn

A

Low conjugating activity of UGT enzyme
High Unconjugated

Can enter brain and cause kernicterus at basal ganglia

tx: UVB exposure makes UCB more soluble

35
Q

Gilbert syndrome

A
  1. stress leads to jaundice

2. low UGT activity (AR)

36
Q

Crigler Najjar syndrome

A
  1. high levels UCB
    2 Absent UGT enzyme

FATAL

37
Q

Dubin Johnson

A
  1. defective protein carrier in bile canicular membrane
  2. black pigment in liver due to increased UCB

Urine coproporphyrine

38
Q

Alcoholic fatty liver

A
  1. reversible
  2. acetaldehyde mediated injury
  3. ballooning degeneration
  4. mallory bodies (intra cytoplasmic eosinophilic hyaline inclusions)
39
Q

Echinococcus Granulosus

A

Tape worm

hydatid cysts

40
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A
  1. amebic abscess
  2. trophozoites in stool
  3. south america
41
Q

fasciola hepatica

A

liver flukes

Cholangiocarcinoma

42
Q

Schistosoma mansoni

A

larvae
portal hypertension

eggs in stool

43
Q

Hereditary hemochromatosis

A
  1. Mut of HFE gene on chr 6
  2. cx: arrhythmias, Diabetes, cirrhosis, hypothyroid, pigmentaion
  3. die from dilated cardiomyopathy
  4. increased ferritin
44
Q

Wilson’s disease

A
  1. copper accumulation in liver
    2 damage by free radical
  2. deposits in the basal ganglia -> temors
    4 deposits in cornea -> kayser fleischer rings
    5 decreased ceruloplasmin and increased transaminase

tx: d-pencillamine

45
Q

PBC

A

Primary billiary cirrhosis
AI disease of intrahepatic bile ducts

  1. associated with sjoogrens
    2.pruritis and xanthelasma
  2. anti-mitochondrial antibodies
    4 granulomatous bile duct destruction and heavy lymphocytes
46
Q

PSC

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Associated with ulcerative colitis
Increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma
P-ANCA positive

47
Q

Hepatic angiosarcoma

A

Vinyl chloride

CD31+

48
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hep C

Increased AFP

49
Q

Management of cirrhosis

A

restrict fluid

low protein

50
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy

A

tx: lactulose to acidify GI tract

51
Q

Annular pancreas

A
  1. head forms ring around duodenum
    2 abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud
    3 dark green vomit (bile)
52
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

Liquefactive necrosis and fat necrosis with calcium deposits

1 alcohol or trauma

Increased lipase and amylase

53
Q

Pancreatic carcinoma

A

secretes gastrin

CA-19-9

54
Q

Biliary colic

A

pain due to CCK

High Yield Review (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions