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High Yield Review > MSK, DERM, Reproductive > Flashcards

MSK, DERM, Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Achondroplasia

A
  1. AD
  2. Activating mut of FGFR
  3. def in chondrocytes
  4. endochonral problem (long bones)
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2
Q

OI

A

Defect in precollagen type 1

blue sclera, hearing loss, broken bones

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3
Q

Osteopetrosis

A
  1. mut of CA II
  2. bone is thick and dense (rock bone)
  3. decrease Ca increase ALP
  4. vision and hearing impaired, hydrocephalus, pancytopenia
  5. “erlenmeyer flask bones”
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4
Q

Vit D def

A

Children: rickets
Adults: osteomalacia

defective mineralization of osteiod

“pigeon breast, frontal bossing, costochondral junction beads”

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5
Q

Osteoperosis

A

1 rf: smoking

  1. loss of trabecular bone mass
  2. genetic determine peak bone mass (vit d receptor)
  3. NORMAL LABS
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6
Q

Pagest

A
  1. isolated increase in ALP
  2. lamellar bone in mosaique pattern and prominent cement lines

cx: osteosarcoma

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7
Q

Osteoclast differentiation

A

RANk L

CSF

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8
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Metaphysis in kids

  1. s. aureus (most common)
  2. salmonella (Sickle cell)
  3. Psuedomonas (IV drugs, diabetics)
  4. TB (lumbar vertebrae)
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9
Q

Osteoid osteoma

A

young patient

bone pain relieved by aspirin

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10
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Teenage
male
bone pain

Rb gene

“sun burst appearance”

Metaphysis of distal femur and proximal tibia

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11
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

Diaphysis of kids
Onion skin
neuroectoderm
small blue round cells

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12
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Herderden nodules

stiffness worse throughout the day

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13
Q

RA

A 
1. HLA DR4
2 Pannus destroys cartilage
3. ankylosing of joint
4 morning stiffness improves with use
5. symmetric
6. spares DIP 
7. RF: Igm to Fc of IgG 
Ab to cirullinated protein

tx: prednisone

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14
Q

Reactive arthritis

A

SI joint and lumbar spine

HLA-B27 (ankylosing spondylarthritis)

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15
Q

Reiter syndrome

A

“Cant see, cant pee, cant climb a tree”

conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis

STI (chlamydia)

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16
Q

Acute gout

A

needle shaped
neg bifringence
yellow under parallel light

1st line: NSAIDs
2nd line: colchicine

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17
Q

Psuedogout

A

calcium pyrophosphate

rhomboid shape
weak pos bifirengence

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18
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

B/l proximal muscle weakness (climbing stairs)

rash under eyes (heliotrope)

Grotten lesions (red papules on elbows, knees, knuckles)

Increased CK, LDH, aldolase

Postiive ANA and anti-jo ab

Permysial inflammation
perifascicular atrophy

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19
Q

polymyositis

A

endomyseal inflamm

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20
Q

x-linked MD

A

del of dystrophins
Fatty replacement
Increased CK

cardiomyopathy common complication

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21
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Ab to Ach receptor at NMF
Muscle weakness that worsens through day

Ptosis, diplopia

tx: AcH Esterase inhibitor (pyridostigmine)

Thymic hyperplasia or thymoma

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22
Q

Lambert eaton

A

Ab to presynaptic Ca channel at NMF

SCC of lung

Impotence, ptosis, diplopia
decreased DTR

Weakness improves with use

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23
Q

Cardiac rhabdomyoma

A

Tuberous sclerosis

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24
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

children
desmin +
Vagina of young females

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25
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

muscle pain, stiffness

symmetric tender spots

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26
Q

Peroneal nerve damage (PED)

A

Loss of sensation to dorsum of foot

Peroneal
Everts
Dorsiflex

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27
Q

TIP Tibial nerve

A

Tibial inverts plantar flex

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28
Q

Psoriasis

A
  1. extensor surfaces
  2. dry, silver scales, pitting nails
  3. hyperplasia of keratinocyts
  4. decreased granulosum increased corneum
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29
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris

A
  1. Ab to desmosomes (desmoglein)
  2. Fishnet appearance on IF
  3. Pos niolsky sign (acantholysis of spinosum)
  4. oral mucosa involved
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30
Q

Bullous pemphigoid

A
  1. Ab to hemidesmosomes
  2. subepidermal blister (includes basal cells)
  3. linear IF
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31
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis

A

AI IgA-C3 at dermal papillae

Associated with celiac

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32
Q

Underlying GI cancer

A

1 seborrheic keratosis

2. acanthosis nigricans

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33
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Blue/grey elastic fibers in dermis

sand paper texture

Precursor to SCC

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34
Q

Vitiligo

A

AI destruction of melanocytes

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35
Q

Staph scalded skin syndrome

A

exfoliative toxin

separation of granulosum layer

36
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A
  1. umbilicated papules

2. pox virus (DNA replicates in cytoplasm)

37
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

A

Black eschar and edema

Box car shaped gram +

Spore: virulence
Increased cAMP

38
Q

Toe nail fungus

A

Trichophyrum rubrum

tx: terbinafine

39
Q

Terbinafine

A

inhibits squaline epoxide

40
Q

Xanthoma

A

lipid laiden macrophages with multi-nucleated giant cells

41
Q

BCC

A

Upper lip

waxy looking

depressed center

42
Q

SCC

A

lower lip

43
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

targe lesion

HSV

44
Q

HSV

A

double stranded enveloped, icosahedral

45
Q

MOA of tetracycline

A

impaired initiation at A site

46
Q

Marfan disease

A

Affects elastin and microfibrils

fibrillin defect

47
Q

Peutz Jeghers

A
  1. melanin pigmentation of lips, hands, butt, oral mucosa

2. hamartoma on colon

48
Q

Melanoma

A

flat, brown lesions with irregular borders

49
Q

Strawberry hemangiom

A

Child with red lesion on face

no treatment necessary

50
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome

A
  1. Xy genotype with female phenotype
  2. vagina ends in blind pouch
  3. no pubic hair or menses
51
Q

Bicornuate uterus

A

failure of paramesonephric ducts to fuse

52
Q

Hypospadias

A

urogenital folds do no fuse

Urethra on ventral side

cx: uti

53
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A
  1. turner
  2. Androgen insensitivity
  3. imperforate hymen
  4. mullerian duct agenesis
54
Q

Secondary amenorrhea

A
  1. POCS
  2. anorexia
  3. stress
  4. pregnancy
55
Q

PCOS

A

LH:FSH > 2

56
Q

Cri du chat

A

Deletion 5p

cat like cry

57
Q

Kleinfelter

A

47 XXy

gynecomastia, hylainzation of seminiferous tubules

increased FSH

58
Q

Prader wili

A

Chr 15, no paternal copy

hyperphagia, hypogonadism

59
Q

Angelman

A

chr 15, no maternal copy

Inappropriate laughter
ataxia

60
Q

Candida

A

budding cells with short hyphae

61
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A

Fish odor with KOH prep

62
Q

HPV on pap smear

A

koilocytes with perinuclear clearing

63
Q

CMV on pap

A

intranuclear inclusions with halos (owl eye)

64
Q

HSV on pap

A

Intranuclear inclusions with multinucleated gial cells

65
Q

Exposure to DES

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma

66
Q

Elderly breast lesion

A

> 50 yrs, expect carcinoma

67
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Tx: Her2 pos lesion

68
Q

Endometriosis

A

B/l mass found in pouch of douglas

69
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

L1-L2

70
Q

Vericoele

A

Left side

commonly from RCC

71
Q

Hydrocele

A

fluid in tunica vaginalis

Transillumination

incomplete closure of vaginalis

72
Q

Seminoma

A

Tumor in 15-40 year olds

73
Q

Choriocarcinoma

A

synctiotrophoblasts

secrete Beta-hcg

74
Q

Bartholin gland abscess

A

tender mass in inferior labium

75
Q

Cramping during menstrual cycle

A

due to prostaglandinds

76
Q

Preg women who use cocaine

A

risk of abruption placentae

77
Q

Pudendal block

A

ischial spine

78
Q

Testicular tumor with crystals

A

Leydig cell

increased testosterone

79
Q

Beta 2 on uterus

A

relaxation

80
Q

alpha 1 uterus

A

contraction

81
Q

Leiomyoma

A

benign round mass in submucosa of uterus

82
Q

Mullerian inhibitor factor defect

A

man with uterus

83
Q

When pregnant, what prevents menses

A

progesterone

84
Q

Signet ring cells ovaria tumor

A

Stomach cancer

85
Q

Testicle lymph drains into

A

para aortic node

High Yield Review (5 decks)

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