Renal (lec 8)

Question 1

Fxn of kidney: (4)

Answer 1

1) H2O/inorganic ion balance
2) Excrete metabolic waste
3) Excrete drugs, etc
4) Secrete renin, erythropoietin, 1-25-DHC

Question 2

Balance: Water

Answer 2

Input: 2300
Ø Urine Output: 1200
Urine Output: 
1100 = steady state
>1100 neg water balance
< 1100 + water balance

Question 3

Causes of NEG Na+/H2O balance?

Answer 3

diarrh
diuretics
low aldosterone

Question 4

Causes of POS Na+/H2O balance?

Answer 4

steroids
CHF
Salt-retaining renal dz

Question 5

Kidney anatomy - review slide 8

Answer 5

/

Question 6

Nephron: 3 basic components?

Answer 6

Tubular
Vascular
Combined (Juxtaglomeruler Apparatus [JGA])

Question 7

Proximal Tubule does?

Answer 7

drains Bowman’s

reab 80% filtered H2O/ions (isosmotic)

Question 8

Loop of Henle does?

Answer 8

generates osmotic gradients in medulla ->

allows [urine]

Question 9

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) does?

Answer 9

reab of H2O/ions

iso/hypotonic

Question 10

Collecting Duct does?

H2O permeability controlled by?

Answer 10

final [urine] adjusted

vasopressin

Question 11

Juxtamedullary Nephrons are relevant why?

Answer 11

Glomeruli sits corticomedullary border,
Long LOH into medulla

[urine] proportional to # of JM nephrons

Question 12

Cortical Nephrons are?

Answer 12

nephrons in outer cortex,
short LOH
Φ extension into medulla

Question 13

Renal Corpuscle consists of?

Answer 13

Glomerulus (specialized capillaries)

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 14

Renal Corpuscle: Layers of Filtration Barrier? (3)

Answer 14

Capillary endo
Basement membr
Capsular epi

Question 15

Capsular Epithelium made of?

Answer 15

Podocytes
Slits (b/w podo)

Question 16

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) is?

Answer 16

Where thick ascending limb of LOH passes b/w afferent/efferent arterioles

Question 17

JGA made of?

Answer 17

Macula Densa (MD)
Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells (EMC)
Granular Cells (GC)

Question 18

JGA fxn?

Answer 18

GFR control

Renin secretion

Question 19

Mesangial Cells found where?

Do what?

Answer 19

b/w and w/i capillary loops

contract in response to Ang II

Question 20

Renal capillary beds? (2)

Answer 20

Glomerular: aff/eff arterioles

Peritubular:
Cortical - surround tubule in cortex
Vasa Recta - surround LOH in medulla (JuxMed nephrons)

Question 21

Glomerular afferent arteriole originates from?

Answer 21

cortical arteries

Question 22

Purpose of efferent arteriole?

Answer 22

Takes remaining blood (what’s left after everything else is pulled into the glomerulus filter) to PTC to supply blood to nephron.

Question 23

Vasa Recta are?

Do?

Answer 23

Peritubular capillaries (PTC),
follow LOH of JMN

supply nutrients to medulla,
recover H2O

Question 24

Renal innervation?

Answer 24

SNS only (NE, dopamine)
⍺1 receptors in afferent >> efferent arterioles

Question 25

SNS stim of afferent/efferent arterioles results in?

Mitigated by?

Answer 25

↓ RBF, GFR

simultaneous release of PGE2, PGI2

Question 26

SNS stim of Granular cells (JGA) results in?

Answer 26

β-receptor -> Renin release

Question 27

Glomerular filtration purpose?

Answer 27

protein-free filtrate

120-125 ml/min

Question 28

Tubular reabsorption is?

Answer 28

substance moves from tubular lumen to PTC

Question 29

Tubular filtration is?

Answer 29

substance moves from PTC to tubular lumen