Renal Labs

Question 1

What is the normal range for BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Answer 1

10-20mg/dl

Question 2

What does increased BUN indicate?

Answer 2

In acute kidney injury: can increase by
10-15 mg/dl/day, returning to baseline in Recovery Phase.

In chronic kidney disease, continues to increase.

Can also ↑ due to non-renal factors.

Question 3

What is the normal range for Creatinine?

Answer 3

0.6-1.2 mg/dl

Question 4

What is the significance of an inreased Creatinine count?

Answer 4

In acute kidney injury, can increase by
1-2 mg/dl/day, returning to baseline in Recovery Phase.

In chronic kidney disease, continues to increase. More reliable than BUN.

Question 5

What is the baseline protein creatinine ratio?

Answer 5

10:1

Question 6

What is the significance of increased BUN/Creatinine ratio?

Answer 6

Increased with hypoperfusion of kidneys.

Can be normal if both BUN and creatinine increase at the same rate.

Question 7

What is the normal range for sodium (NA+)

Answer 7

135-145 mg/dl

Question 8

What is the significance of increased sodium?

Answer 8

can indicate later stages of CKD as kidneys lose their ability to excrete sodium

Question 9

What is the significance of decreased Sodium?

Answer 9

renal wasting of sodium associated with
damaged tubules, or with fluid overload (dilutional hyponatremia) as may occur in the oliguric phase of AKI or late CKD

Question 10

What is the normal range for potassium (K+)

Answer 10

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 11

What is the danger of increased K+?

Answer 11

EKG changes occur with levels of more than 6.5

Question 12

What is the normal range for Phosphate?

Answer 12

2.5-4.5 mg/dl

Question 13

What happens to phosphate levels with Renal Failure?

Answer 13

They increase

Question 14

What is the normal range for calcium?

Answer 14

9-11mg/dl

Question 15

What happens to Calcium levels with Renal failure

Answer 15

They decrease

Question 16

What is the normal range for Magnesium?

Answer 16

1.3-2.1mg/dl

Question 17

What happens to Magnesium levels during renal failure?

Answer 17

They increase

Question 18

What happens to PH levels with Renal failure

Answer 18

Decreases if patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis

Normalises with respiratory compensation

Question 19

What are the expected changes in Hematocrit and Hemoglobin with renal failure

Answer 19

Both are decreased

Question 20

What is the normal range for Hemoglobin?

Answer 20

Male: 13.5-18g/dl
Female: 12-16g/dl

Question 21

What is the normal range for hematocrit?

Answer 21

Male 40-54%
Female 37-47%

Question 22

what is the expected volume of urine per day?

Answer 22

1-1.5L day

Question 23

what urine output do we expect to see in the Oliguric phase of AKI

Answer 23

less that 400cc per day (oliguria)

Question 24

What kind of urine output do we expect in the diuretic phase of AKI?

Answer 24

Increased (above 1.5L per day)

Question 25

What possible urine output happens with CKD?

Answer 25

Anuria

Question 26

What happens to specific gravity with Renal failure?

Answer 26

It becomes decreased and fixed

Question 27

What is the normal range of Urine SPecific Gravity?

Answer 27

1.010-1.020

Question 28

Which type of kidney disease is indicated if protein is present in the urine?

Answer 28

Glomerularnephritis

Question 29

How do we calculate Creatinine clearance?

Answer 29

urine creatinine X urine volume
serum creatinine

Question 30

What is the minimum Creatinine clearance rate to maintain life without Dialysis?

Answer 30

10ml/min

Question 31

What is the normal creatinine clearance rate?

Answer 31

115-125 mL/min

Question 32

What is the normal eGFR rate

Answer 32

90-120mL/minute

Question 33

What are the four factors used to calculate eGFR

Answer 33

• Serum Creatinine
• Age in years
• Gender
• Race