Renal Lab Eval Flashcards
Symptoms directly referable to the kidney
gross hematuria, flank pain
Extrarenal symptoms
edema, HTN, signs of uremia
Normal creatinine range
men—0.8-1.4; women 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
How much renal function needs to be lost to increase serum creatinine from 1.0-2.0mg/dL?
50%
What is the creatinine range during pregnancy?
0.4 – 0.6 mg/dL (decreased)
Normal BUN range
6-20 mg/dL
Define GFR
sum of all the functioning nephrons
normal sodium range
135 - 145 mmol/L
normal potassium range
3.8 - 5.5 mmol/L
normal chloride range
98 - 106 mmol/L
what happens if potassium isn’t within range?
life threatening arrythmias
At what time of day is it best to get urine specimen when checking for pregnancy?
morning
At what time is it best to get urine specimen when checking for DM?
post-prandial
What is the urine output needed to diagnose oliguria?
<200mL/24h
what does the specific gravity tell you?
Degree of concentration or dilution of urine. low is dilute, high is concentrated
what is the single most important indicator of kidney disease?
proteinuria. normal 2-8mg/dL
What does the presence of Bence Jones proteins in urine indicate?
cancer (myeloma, leukemia)
Renal threshold for glucosuria
180-200 mg/dL
What is ketonuria the result of?
fatty acid metabolism (never normal finding). DKA
what is leukocyte esterase?
Neutrophilic granulocytes release esterases into the urine when present
What is normally found in urine; nitrates or nitrites?
nitrates. nitrites indicate bacteruria
T/F e. coli is a major nitrate reducing organism
true
What patient population is prone to infections with candida albicans?
diabetics
What might be the only manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis?
RBC cast
What does a hyaline cast imply?
damage to glomerular capillary membrane (leakage of proteins)
