Renal Lab Eval

Question 1

Symptoms directly referable to the kidney

Answer 1

gross hematuria, flank pain

Question 2

Extrarenal symptoms

Answer 2

edema, HTN, signs of uremia

Question 3

Normal creatinine range

Answer 3

men—0.8-1.4; women 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

Question 4

How much renal function needs to be lost to increase serum creatinine from 1.0-2.0mg/dL?

Answer 4

50%

Question 5

What is the creatinine range during pregnancy?

Answer 5

0.4 – 0.6 mg/dL (decreased)

Question 6

Normal BUN range

Answer 6

6-20 mg/dL

Question 7

Define GFR

Answer 7

sum of all the functioning nephrons

Question 8

normal sodium range

Answer 8

135 - 145 mmol/L

Question 9

normal potassium range

Answer 9

3.8 - 5.5 mmol/L

Question 10

normal chloride range

Answer 10

98 - 106 mmol/L

Question 11

what happens if potassium isn’t within range?

Answer 11

life threatening arrythmias

Question 12

At what time of day is it best to get urine specimen when checking for pregnancy?

Answer 12

morning

Question 13

At what time is it best to get urine specimen when checking for DM?

Answer 13

post-prandial

Question 14

What is the urine output needed to diagnose oliguria?

Answer 14

<200mL/24h

Question 15

what does the specific gravity tell you?

Answer 15

Degree of concentration or dilution of urine. low is dilute, high is concentrated

Question 16

what is the single most important indicator of kidney disease?

Answer 16

proteinuria. normal 2-8mg/dL

Question 17

What does the presence of Bence Jones proteins in urine indicate?

Answer 17

cancer (myeloma, leukemia)

Question 18

Renal threshold for glucosuria

Answer 18

180-200 mg/dL

Question 19

What is ketonuria the result of?

Answer 19

fatty acid metabolism (never normal finding). DKA

Question 20

what is leukocyte esterase?

Answer 20

Neutrophilic granulocytes release esterases into the urine when present

Question 21

What is normally found in urine; nitrates or nitrites?

Answer 21

nitrates. nitrites indicate bacteruria

Question 22

T/F e. coli is a major nitrate reducing organism

Answer 22

true

Question 23

What patient population is prone to infections with candida albicans?

Answer 23

diabetics

Question 24

What might be the only manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis?

Answer 24

RBC cast

Question 25

What does a hyaline cast imply?

Answer 25

damage to glomerular capillary membrane (leakage of proteins)