Cystic Diseases of the Kidney

Question 1

Define renal cystic disease

Answer 1

Characterized by epithelium-lined cavities filled with fluid or semisolid debris within the kidneys.

Question 2

What percentage of the popn over age 50 present with simple cysts?

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

Three criteria to consider a simple cyst benign

Answer 3

echo free, sharply demarcated, good transmission through cyst

Question 4

What is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease referred to as?

Answer 4

PKD (polycystic kidney disease)

Question 5

T/F autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is referred to as infantile or childhood PKD

Answer 5

true

Question 6

What is the most common hereditary renal disease?

Answer 6

PKD (ADPKD)

Question 7

Most common symptoms associated with PKD

Answer 7

acute abdominal flank pain, hematuria, non-specific dull lumbar pain

Question 8

Which of the following are common complications of PKD: UTIs, pylonephritis, cyst infections, HTN, glaucoma?

Answer 8

everything except glaucoma

Question 9

Conditions associated with CKD

Answer 9

multiple asymptomatic hepatic cysts and mitral valve prolapse

Question 10

By age 60 what percent of patients with PKD have progressed to ESRF?

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

Ultrasound findings that help diagnose PKD

Answer 11

bilateral multiple cysts, renal enlargement, increased cortical thickness, splaying of renal calyces

Question 12

How many cysts in each kidney are needed in an at-risk patient aged 30-59 for diagnosis?

Answer 12

2 cysts

Question 13

How many cysts in each kidney are needed in an at-risk patient aged >60 yrs?

Answer 13

4 cysts

Question 14

What abx are able to penetrate cyst walls and attain therapeutic levels in CKD?

Answer 14

Bactrim
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxin

Question 15

Clinical presentation of infantile-autosomal recessive PKD

Answer 15

oligohydramnios, difficult delivery, compromised renal fxn, pneumothorax

Question 16

If a child presents with high blood pressure, UTIs, and frequent urination, what would you suspect could be the renal disease responsible?

Answer 16

ARPKD

Question 17

Define acquired cystic kidney disease

Answer 17

Development of cysts in patient with chronic real failure or ESRD undergoing dialysis

Question 18

Screening recommendations for patients on dialysis to r/o malignancy

Answer 18

after 3-4 years

Question 19

T/F medullary cystic disorders are a rare autosmal recessive disease

Answer 19

false it’s a rare autosomal dominant disease

Question 20

What is medullary sponge kidney?

Answer 20

Common, benign disorder. Manifests as a result of passage of a renal calculus

Question 21

T/F renal failure is not a feature of medulary sponge kidney

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Characteristic contrast pattern associated with medullary sponge kidney

Answer 22

contrast filled cysts: Bouquet of flowers or Bunch of grapes