Renal Impairment

Question 1

what are the risk factors for chronic kidney disease?

Answer 1

diabetes
hypertension
family history

Question 2

what is chronic kidney disease?

Answer 2

decreased GFR or signs of kidney damage that persist for at least 3 months

Question 3

what are the consequences of CKD

Answer 3

disordered water and sodium metabolism, hyperkalaemia, abnormal calcium and phosphatemetabolism, and anaemia
Increased risk of stroke and heart attack

Question 4

what is proteinuria?

Answer 4

presence of microalbuminuria - indicates glomerular damage

Question 5

what are the symptoms of CKD?

Answer 5

tiredness, swollen ankles, feet or hands (due to water retention), shortness of breath, blood or protein in your urine , increased urination, itchy skin, nausea, erectile dysfunction

Question 6

what is acute renal failure?

Answer 6

the failure of renal function over a period of hours or days identified by a rising serum urea and creatinine.

Question 7

what are the tubular function tests?

Answer 7

Osmolality measurements in plasma and urine
The water deprivation test
The acid load test
Specific proteinuria

Question 8

how is specific proteinuria measured?

Answer 8

The presence of large amounts of B2 microglobulinin the urine is indicative of kidney tubular dysfunction