Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kidney failure RNL week 1 > Renal function: glomerular filtrate and its control > Flashcards

Renal function: glomerular filtrate and its control Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nephron

A

Where urine is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is urine drained

A

Collecting ducts into renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does urine leave kidney

A

Via ureter into the bladder ready for excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HOwdoes blood enter and leave kidneyb

A

Renal artery

Renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two nephron types in the kidney and what are the differences

A

Cortical nephrons (have most of their structures in the cortex)

Juxtamedullary nephron which has most of its structure in the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does urine formed in the nephron go

A

Intio common collecting duct then into renal pelvis then leaves the kidney via the ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structure of a single nephron

A

1) Bowman’s capsule. Comprised of glomerular capillaries and both together make the renal corpuscle
2) Proximal convoluted tubule
3) Descending and ascending limbs of loop of henle
4) DCT
5) collecting duct
6) renal pelvis –> ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the main function of the nephron

A

Filter blood in the renal corpuscle

Control the concentration and content of urine in the tubular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What re the two capillary beds in a single nephron

A

1) glomerulus which have a high hydrostatic pressure for ultrafiltration
2) Peritubular capillaries which have a low pressure and wrap around the remainder of the nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do the peritubular capillaries around loop of Henley do and what are these called

A

Wrap around the loop of henle and provide oxygen and nutrients to the medulla of the kidney.

-Called the vasa recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What re the different processes which modify urine composition and volume

A

FIltration- movement of fluid from blood, to lumen of nephron in renal corpuscle

Reabsorption- movement of filtered material from lumen of nephron back into blood through peritubular capillaries

Secretion- removal of deleted molecules from blood and their addition to fluid in lumen of nephron

Excretion- removal of substance from body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the filtration fraction

A

Only 20% of blood entering the glomerulus is filtered. The other 80% is returned via the efferent arteriole into the systemic circulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the GFR

A

Glomerular filtration rate - volume of fluid entering the Bowmans capsule per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much urine is excreted per day

A

1.5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does glomerular filtration occur

A

Efferent arteriole has smaller diameter than afferent arteriole. There is also a high capillary hydrostatic pressure. Fluid is driven fro capillaries into Bowman’s capsule across glomerular filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are mesangial cells

A

Provide structural support in the bowman’s capsule

17
Q

Layers if the glomerular capillary membrane

A

Endothelial cell (next to capillary lumen)

Basement membrane

Podocytes (specialised epithelial cells) next to the Bowman’s space

18
Q

How do things pass from capillary lumen to bowman’s space

A

Through fenestrations (gaps) in the capillary endothelium and slit pores in the podocyte cells

19
Q

What can pass through fenestration and slit pores

A

Non-ionised compounds and very small proteins

20
Q

What is the oncotic pressure in the Bowman’s space and why

A

0 because it is protein-free

21
Q

What is the colloid osmotic pressure

A

Pressure exerted from bowman’s space

22
Q

What can GFR be altered by

A

Changing Kf (filtration coefficient. intrinsic permeability x filtration area)

Changing any of the Starling forces

Drugs

23
Q

What happens to GFR and RPF (renal plasma flow) if afferent arteriole decreases in size

A

GFR decreases

RPF decreases

24
Q

What happens to GFR and RPF If efferent arteriole decreases in size

A

GFR increases

RPF decreases

25
Q

If there are changes in protein metabolism, what will change

A

Change in colloid osmotic pressure

26
Q

how will hyperproteinaemia change GFR

A

Increase GFR

27
Q

What will changes in Bowman’s space pressure do to GFR e.g. renal stone occluding ureter

A

Reduce GFR

28
Q

Why measure GFR

A

Assessing patients with kidney disease by providing info on severity and course of kidney disease and how much drug you can provide.

29
Q

how to measure GFR

A

Inulin clearance

30
Q

Formula for measuring GFR

A

(Urine flow rate x urine concentration of inulin) / plasma concentration of inulin

31
Q

Why can inulin be used to measure GFR

A

Inulin clearance is constant

32
Q

How can eGFR be estimated and why would you do this

A

Measure creatinine clearance because you don’t need to inject inulin and also creatinine is pretty much constant

Kidney failure RNL week 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions