Renal Failure Flashcards
Unilateral or bilateral failure?
Bilateral failure
Three causes?
Pre-renal failure
Intra-renal failure
Post-renal failure
Pre-renal failure. What happens?
Blood can’t get to the kidneys
Pre-renal failure–Blood can’t get to kidneys. Examples?
- Hypotension
- Decreased HR (arrhythmia)
- Hypovolemic
- Any form of shock
Intra-renal failure. What happens?
Damage has occurred inside the kidney
Intra-renal failure. Damage has occurred inside kidney. Examples? (5)
- Glomerulonephritis
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Dyes
- Drugs
- Malignant HTN and DM– both cause severe vascular damage
Example of a drug that is nephrotoxic
Aminoglycosides
Post-renal failure. What happens?
Urine can’t get out of kidneys
Post-renal failure. Examples of how urine can’t get out of kidneys (5)
- Enlarged prostate
- Kidney stone
- Tumor
- Unilateral obstruction
- Edematous stoma (ileal conduit)
What RF?
Obstruction
Post renal failure
What RF?
Dyes
Intra-renal failure
What RF?
Blood can’t get to kidneys
Pre-renal
What RF?
Enlarged prostate
Post-renal
What RF?
Decreased HR
Pre-renal
What RF?
Glomerulonephritis
Intra-renal
What RF?
Shock
Pre-renal
What RF?
Perfusion problem
Pre-renal
What RF?
Severe vascular damage
Intra-renal
What RF?
Hypotension
Pre-renal
What RF?
Tumors
Post-renal
What RF?
Damage has occurred inside kidney
Intra-renal
What RF?
Urine can’t get out of kidneys
Post-renal
S/S
What labs increased?
Cr and BUN
SG initially increased
S/S
Blood problem
Anemia (not enough erythropoietin)
S/S
What heart problems
HTN and HF (from retaining fluids)
S/S
GI
Anorexia, NV (retaining toxins)
S/S
Skin
Itching frost (uremic frost)
S/S- Acid/base and FE imbalances
K? Phosphorous? Ca?
Acid base?
Increased K can lead to arrhythmias
Retain phosphorous, so decrease calcium, so calcium gets pulled from bone
Metabolic acidosis
Two phases of acute RF..Kidneys have been damaged by one of the causes—this damage leads to the ___ phase
Oliguric phase
Oliguric phase
UO?
Decrease
*100-400 mL/24 hours
Oliguric phase
The client is in fluid volume depletion or excess
Excess
Oliguric phase
K+?
Increase
What is phase 2?
Diuretic phase
Diuretic phase
Slow or sudden onset?
Sudden
Diuretic phase
UO
Increase
Diuretic phase
Fluid volume deficit or excess?
Deficit (shock!!)
Diuretic phase
K+?
Decrease
*give replacements
