Neurological alterations: Meningitis and Seizures

Question 1

What is meningitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of the spinal cord or brain

Question 2

Causes of meningitis?

Answer 2

Viral or bacterial

*bacterial primarily transmitted through resp. system (can also occur as complication of LP)

Question 3

Meningitis s/s

Temp

Answer 3

Chills and fever

Question 4

Meningitis s/s

HA?

Answer 4

Yes, severe

Question 5

Meningitis s/s

GI

Answer 5

NV

Question 6

Meningitis s/s

Neck

Answer 6

Nucal rigidity (stiff neck)

Question 7

Meningitis s/s

Eyes

Answer 7

Photophobia

Question 8

Meningitis treatment-Drugs?

Answer 8

Steroids
Antibiotics if bacterial
Analgesics

Question 9

Meningitis percautions?

Answer 9

Droplet

Question 10

Bacterial meningitis is a very contagious _____

Answer 10

Medical emergency

*high mortality and immunizations are recommended for college/grad students

Question 11

Viral meningitis is usually transmitted by ?

Answer 11

Feces and requires CONTACT precautions

Question 12

Bacterial = ?

Answer 12

Droplet percautions

Question 13

Viral = ?

Answer 13

Contact precautions

Question 14

Seizures

Should be thought of as a _____ of an underlying disorder rather than a disease

Answer 14

Symptom

Question 15

Seizures are not considered _____ if they discontinue when disease has gone away

Answer 15

Epilepsy

Question 16

Partial seizure

A partial seizure is limited to a specific ____

Answer 16

Local area of the brain

Question 17

Partial seizure

What may be only manifestation?

Answer 17

An aura

Question 18

Partial seizure

Called what?

Answer 18

Focal seizures

Question 19

Partial seizure

Symptoms can range from?

Answer 19

Simple to complex

Question 20

Partial seizure

Simple means?

Answer 20

W/o loss of consciousness

Numbness, tingling, prickling, or pain

Question 21

Partial seizure

Complex means?

Answer 21

Impaired consciousness
Confused
Unable to respond

Question 22

Generalized seizure

Involves?

Answer 22

Entire brain

Question 23

Generalized seizure

AKA

Answer 23

Non-focal seizures

Question 24

Generalized seizure

Clinical manifestation?

Answer 24

Loss of consciousness

Question 25

Tonic-clonic ?

Answer 25

Formerly known as grand mal

Question 26

Myoclonic?

Answer 26

Sudden, brief contractions of a muscle or group of muscles

Question 27

Absence

Answer 27

Formally called petit mal and characterized by brief LOC

Question 28

Complications of seizures?

Answer 28

Status epipepticus (continuous seizure w.o returning consciousness between seizures) Trauma: protect client

Question 29

Treatment What assessment?

Answer 29

Neurological including lab and x-ray

Question 30

Treatment What drug?

Answer 30

Anticonvulsants

Question 31

Treatment -Anticonvulsants Rapid acting?

Answer 31

Lorazepam | Diazepam

Question 32

Treatment -Anticonvulsants Long acting?

Answer 32

Phenytoin

Question 33

Treatment -Anticonvulsants Have ___ SE What could cause a seizure?

Answer 33

Toxic SE---monitor drug levels for toxicity through lab values Abrupt withdrawal can cause a seizure

Question 34

Don't forget basics of ____ and ____ during a seizure

Answer 34

Airway and safety

Question 35

T/F: Do not put anything in the mouth of a seizing client

Answer 35

T