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Exam 3 (Spring) > Renal Failure > Flashcards

Renal Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Acute renal failure caused from:

A
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Decreased CO
  • Dehydration
  • Drugs
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2
Q

Acute renal failure S&S

A
  • Anorexia
  • Lethargy
  • Nausea
  • HA
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3
Q

2 types of antibiotics that can cause renal damage

A
  • Aminoglycosides

- Cephalosporins

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4
Q

Aminoglycosides:

A

Inhibits protein synthesis in Gram (-) bacteria

  • Neomycin
  • Streptomycin
  • Tobrax
  • Amican
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5
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall

  • Keflex
  • Ceclor
  • Rocephin
  • Maxipime
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6
Q

NSAIDs can cause:

A

Vasoconstriction that then leads to pre-renal failure

That can lead to interstitial nephritis

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7
Q

If your patient has severe renal disease with oliguria and azotemia, the doctor should order:

A

Lasix

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8
Q

What is azotemia?

A

Abnormal high levels of nitrogen in the blood

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9
Q

Avoid heavy metals such as (for renal failure):

A
  • Mercury
  • Lead
  • Iron
  • Industrial pollutants
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10
Q

Always watch which lab result for a patient with renal failure?

A

-Potassium (K+)

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11
Q

Pre-renal Failure

A
  • Problems affecting the flow of blood before it reaches the kidneys
  • Decrease in urinary output due to decreased blood supply to kidney
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12
Q

Renal (Intrarenal) Failure

A
  • Problems with the kidney itself that prevent proper filtration of blood or production of urine
  • Decrease in urinary output due to kidney damage to tissues or nephrons
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13
Q

Postrenal Failure

A

-Problems affecting the movement of urine out of the kidneys

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14
Q

Pre-renal Failure Urinary Output

A

<400 mL/day

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15
Q

Causes of pre-renal failure

A
  • Dehydration - Hypovolemia (Low BP):
    • V/D
    • Diuretics
    • Blood loss or disruption to the kidneys
  • CHF
  • Hypoprofusion:
    • Low CO
    • Cardiac disorders
    • Renal artery disease
    • Hepatorenal syndrome
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16
Q

Intrarenal Failure Urinary Output

A

<400 mL/day

17
Q

Intrarenal (Renal) Failure is also known as:

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

18
Q

Causes of Intrarenal (ATN) Failure

A
  • Ischemia

- Nephrotoxic substances (drugs) `

19
Q

Intrarenal (ATN) Failure causes of ischemia:

A
  • Hemorrhage
  • Burns
  • Sepsis
  • HF
  • Transfusion reactions
20
Q

Intrarenal (ATN) Failure causes of nephrotoxicity:

A
  • Heavy metals
  • Medications
  • Street drugs
  • Contrast dye - x-rays
  • Tissue breakdown
21
Q

3 stages of Acute Tubular Necrosis

A
  1. Oliguric
  2. Polyuric
  3. Recovery
22
Q

Oliguric Stage of ATN

A
  • Lasts 10-17 days
  • Increased: BUN, Creatinine, K+
  • Fluid overload
  • CHF
  • Peritoneal dialysis
23
Q

Polyuric Stage of ATN

A
  • Last 2 weeks - 3 months
  • Increased: BUN & Creatinine
  • Low K+
  • Fluid depleted
24
Q

Recovery Stage of ATN

A
  • Lasts 3 months - 1 year

- Pray the kidney regenerates

25
Q

Urinary Na+: Pre-Renal vs. ATN

A

Pre-Renal: 20

ATN: 40-100

26
Q

BUN:Creatinine - Pre-renal vs. ATN

A

Pre-renal: 20:1

ATN: 10:1

27
Q

Lasix/Fluid Challenge: Pre-renal vs. ATN

A

Pre-renal: + urine

ATN: No urine

28
Q

Your MEDICAL client has a urine output of 20 mL for 2 hours.

What do you think would be ordered to increase urine output?

A

-Lasix

29
Q

Your SURGICAL client has a urine output of 20 mL for 2 hours.

What do you think would be ordered to increase urine output?

A 
-Fluid challenge 
or 
-500 mL of NSS 
or 
-Both
30
Q

Post-Renal (Obstructive) Failure causes:

A
  • Stones
  • Clots
  • Tumors

-(Rare; 5-10%)

31
Q

Blood & Urine tests for renal failure patients

A
  • 24 hour urine collection for creatinine clearance
  • K+
  • Na+
  • Glucose
  • Hct
32
Q

Medical Management of renal failure patients

A
  • Fluids and osmotic preparations to prevent decreased renal perfusion
  • Managing fluid volume and electrolytes
  • Diet
  • Drug therapy
33
Q

The Renal Diet

A

LOW:

  • Phosphorus
  • K+
  • Protein
  • Na+
  • PO intake of fluids
34
Q

Foods a renal failure patient should avoid:

A
  • Cola
  • Peanut butter
  • Sardines
  • Nuts
  • Beer
  • Meat
  • Milk products, ice cream, cheese
  • Eggs
  • Anything salty
  • Condiments
  • Canned soup, vegetables, prepared dinners
  • Anything that melts at room temperature
35
Q

Classic hyperkalemia sign:

A

Muscle weakness

36
Q

Your renal patient c/o dry mouth due to fluid restrictions.

Your suggestion?

A
  • Ice chips
  • Sips of water
  • Hard candy
37
Q

Causes of chronic renal disease:

A

-Diabetic nephropathy (Intrarenal) 43%

Exam 3 (Spring) (8 decks)

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