Renal Failure

Question 1

stimulates the bones to make red blood cells.

Answer 1

Erythropoietin (

Question 2

active form
of vitamin D, helps maintain calcium for the bones

Answer 2

Calcitriol

Question 3

EVERY MINUTE, ONE-FOURTH OF THE BODY’S
BLOOD APPROXIMATELY

Answer 3

1200 ML—PASSES
THROUGH THE KIDNEYS FOR FILTRATION.

Question 4

COMPOSITION OF URINE

Answer 4

AQUEOUS SOLUTION
95% WATER
● ELECTROLYTES – NA, K, CL, BICARBONATE, MG,
CA ETC.
● WASTE PRODUCTS – UREA, URIC ACID,
CREATININE, CYANIDE, PO4
, SO4 ETC.

Question 5

3 process required for urine formation include:

Answer 5

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION:
TUBULAR REABSORPTION:
* TUBULAR SECRETION:

Question 6

CREATES A
PLASMA-LIKE FILTRATE OF THE BLOOD

Answer 6

• GLOMERULAR FILTRATION:

Question 7

REMOVES USEFUL
SOLUTES FROM THE FILTRATE, RETURNS THEM TO
THE BLOOD

Answer 7

TUBULAR REABSORPTION: R

Question 8

REMOVES ADDITIONAL
WASTES FROM THE BLOOD AND ADDS THEM TO THE
FILTRA

Answer 8

TUBULAR SECRETION

Question 9

the syndrome in which glomerular filtration
declines abruptly (hours to days) and usually
reversibe.

Answer 9

ACUTE RENAL FN

Question 10

Aki can be diagnosed with any of the following:

Answer 10

creatinine increase of 0.3 mg/dl in 48 hours.
2. creatinine increased to 1.5 times baseline within the
last 7days.

Question 11

Failure in glomerular filtration leads to fall in GFR with
retention of waste substances that is to be cleared by
filtration including water.

Answer 11

GLOMERULAR DYSFUNCTION

Question 12

ailure of reabsorption function of the tubules that
would result in voiding of large volumes of dilute
urine, of low specific gravity along with electrolytes
and nutrients

Answer 12

TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION

Question 13

hypoperfusion of kidney.

Answer 13

PRE RENAL - failurre

Question 14

• actual damage of the kidney tissue

Answer 14

INTRA RENAL

Question 15

● POST RENAL- o

Answer 15

POST RENAL

Question 16

Phase 1: Initial RF

Answer 16

Renal damage is occuring
- Asymptomatic

Question 17

Phase 2.Oliguric

Answer 17

<1ml/kg/hr of urine
- impared glomerular filtration
- Waste cannot be remove

Question 18

last 2 weeks
- cellular regeneration and healing
- gradual return to normal

Answer 18

3.Diuretic

Question 19

eft untreated it results in fluid overload,electrolyte
imbalance, uremia,coma

Answer 19

Phase 4 recoveruy

Question 20

Poor prognosis is related to associated (ARF)

Answer 20

sepsis, HUS, prolonged anemia, cardiac failure, hepatic failure

Question 21

efined as a
persistent impairment of kidney function, in other
words, abnormally elevated serum creatinine for more
than 3 months

Answer 21

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF)

Question 22

calculated glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) less than for Chronic RF

Answer 22

60 ml per minute / 1.73m2.

Question 23

patient needs renal
replacement therapy, the condition is called

Answer 23

end-stage
renal disease (ESRD).

Question 24

2 cause of chronic renal failure

Answer 24

Diabetes
High BP

Question 25

Stage 1 CKD

Answer 25

GFR is at least 90 milliliters per minute (ml/min) per
1.73 meters squared (m²).

Question 26

person’s GFR is 30-59 ml/min per
1.73 m².

Answer 26

stage 3 CKD,

Question 27

GFR is 60-89
ml/min per 1.73 m²

Answer 27

stage 2 CKD

Question 28

stage 3a means that a person has a

Answer 28

GFR of 45-59
ml/min per 1.73 m².

Question 29

stage 3b means that a person has a

Answer 29

GFR of 30-44
ml/min per 1.73 m².

Question 30

A person with stage 1-3 CKD may be able to slow the
damage to their kidneys by:

Answer 30

Controlling their blood sugar, if they have diabetes
● Controlling their blood pressure

Question 31

By stage 4 CKD, a person’s GFR is

Answer 31

s 15-29 ml/min per
1.73 m²

Question 32

A person with stage 4 ckd is more likely to experience
symptoms such as

Answer 32

swollen hands and feet, back pain,
and more frequent urination

Question 33

A person with stage 5 CKD has a

Answer 33

GFR of 15 ml/min per 1.73
m² or less

Question 34

People with diabetes should have an annual test,
which measures m

Answer 34

microalbuminuria -

Question 35

If your kidneys stop working completely, your body fills
with extra water and waste products. This condition is
called

Answer 35

uremia

Question 36

CREATININE
● ADULT MALES

Answer 36

• 0.6 TO 1.2 MILLIGRAMS (MG) PER
  DECILITER (DL

Question 37

ADULT FEMALES CREATININE

Answer 37

0.5 TO 1.1 MILLIGRAMS PER
DECILITER

Question 38

complete failure of the kidneys to function to
excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and regulate
electrolytes.

Answer 38

END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE