Renal Failure Flashcards
stimulates the bones to make red blood cells.
Erythropoietin (
active form
of vitamin D, helps maintain calcium for the bones
Calcitriol
EVERY MINUTE, ONE-FOURTH OF THE BODY’S
BLOOD APPROXIMATELY
1200 ML—PASSES
THROUGH THE KIDNEYS FOR FILTRATION.
COMPOSITION OF URINE
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
95% WATER
● ELECTROLYTES – NA, K, CL, BICARBONATE, MG,
CA ETC.
● WASTE PRODUCTS – UREA, URIC ACID,
CREATININE, CYANIDE, PO4
, SO4 ETC.
3 process required for urine formation include:
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION:
TUBULAR REABSORPTION:
* TUBULAR SECRETION:
CREATES A
PLASMA-LIKE FILTRATE OF THE BLOOD
- GLOMERULAR FILTRATION:
REMOVES USEFUL
SOLUTES FROM THE FILTRATE, RETURNS THEM TO
THE BLOOD
TUBULAR REABSORPTION: R
REMOVES ADDITIONAL
WASTES FROM THE BLOOD AND ADDS THEM TO THE
FILTRA
TUBULAR SECRETION
the syndrome in which glomerular filtration
declines abruptly (hours to days) and usually
reversibe.
ACUTE RENAL FN
Aki can be diagnosed with any of the following:
creatinine increase of 0.3 mg/dl in 48 hours.
2. creatinine increased to 1.5 times baseline within the
last 7days.
Failure in glomerular filtration leads to fall in GFR with
retention of waste substances that is to be cleared by
filtration including water.
GLOMERULAR DYSFUNCTION
ailure of reabsorption function of the tubules that
would result in voiding of large volumes of dilute
urine, of low specific gravity along with electrolytes
and nutrients
TUBULAR DYSFUNCTION
hypoperfusion of kidney.
PRE RENAL - failurre
- actual damage of the kidney tissue
INTRA RENAL
● POST RENAL- o
POST RENAL
Phase 1: Initial RF
Renal damage is occuring
- Asymptomatic
Phase 2.Oliguric
<1ml/kg/hr of urine
- impared glomerular filtration
- Waste cannot be remove
last 2 weeks
- cellular regeneration and healing
- gradual return to normal
3.Diuretic
eft untreated it results in fluid overload,electrolyte
imbalance, uremia,coma
Phase 4 recoveruy
Poor prognosis is related to associated (ARF)
sepsis, HUS, prolonged anemia, cardiac failure, hepatic failure
efined as a
persistent impairment of kidney function, in other
words, abnormally elevated serum creatinine for more
than 3 months
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF)
calculated glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) less than for Chronic RF
60 ml per minute / 1.73m2.
patient needs renal
replacement therapy, the condition is called
end-stage
renal disease (ESRD).
2 cause of chronic renal failure
Diabetes
High BP
Stage 1 CKD
GFR is at least 90 milliliters per minute (ml/min) per
1.73 meters squared (m²).
person’s GFR is 30-59 ml/min per
1.73 m².
stage 3 CKD,
GFR is 60-89
ml/min per 1.73 m²
stage 2 CKD
stage 3a means that a person has a
GFR of 45-59
ml/min per 1.73 m².
stage 3b means that a person has a
GFR of 30-44
ml/min per 1.73 m².
A person with stage 1-3 CKD may be able to slow the
damage to their kidneys by:
Controlling their blood sugar, if they have diabetes
● Controlling their blood pressure
By stage 4 CKD, a person’s GFR is
s 15-29 ml/min per
1.73 m²
A person with stage 4 ckd is more likely to experience
symptoms such as
swollen hands and feet, back pain,
and more frequent urination
A person with stage 5 CKD has a
GFR of 15 ml/min per 1.73
m² or less
People with diabetes should have an annual test,
which measures m
microalbuminuria -
If your kidneys stop working completely, your body fills
with extra water and waste products. This condition is
called
uremia
CREATININE
● ADULT MALES
- 0.6 TO 1.2 MILLIGRAMS (MG) PER
DECILITER (DL
ADULT FEMALES CREATININE
0.5 TO 1.1 MILLIGRAMS PER
DECILITER
complete failure of the kidneys to function to
excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and regulate
electrolytes.
END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
