Renal Endocrine & Reproductive Flashcards
AKI stands for?
Acute Kidney Injury
3 causes of AKI
Prerenal Factors
Renal Factors
Post Renal Factors
Causes of prerenal AKI
⬇️ CO
Heart Failure
Hypovolemia
Liver failure
Abdominal compartment dissection
NSAIDs
ACE/ARB drugs
Cyclosporine Drugs
Causes of Renal Glomerulus AKI
Primary glomerulonephritis
Inflammatory system diseases such as SLE and systematic vasculitis
Infection of 2nd glomerulonephronitis eg Hep B/C and HIV
Causes of renal tubuli and interstitium AKI
Nephrotoxins - contrast, meds, hemilysis, rhabdo, myeloma
Allergic reactions.
NSAIDs
Antibiotics
PPI
5 ASA
Tumorlysis syndrome
Ischemia
Sepsis
Local infection
Causes of renal vessel AKI
Atheroembolic event
Renal vein thrombosis
Thrombolitic microangiopathy
Antiphospholipid sydrome
Causes of post kidney AKI
Bladder obstruction, ureters or unilateral obstruction to a single connection to a single functioning kidney.
7 dysfunctions of kidneys?
Broken filter
Create less urine
Increase renin production
Decrease in RBC production
Decrease in calcium absorption
Decrease buffer for pH
Decrease electrolyte balance
What happens when kidney doesn’t function?
Build up of toxins
Fluid retention and oedema
Hypertensions and headache
Anemia
Weak bones muscle weakness
Acidity
Decrease cell function and nerve conduction
Harmful build up of electrolytes
Symptoms of sImple UTI or cystitis
Dysuria
Frequency
Suprapubic pain
Haematuria
Acute complicated UTI symptoms
Symptoms of simple UTI as well as
Rigors
Fever
Chills
Fatigue
Malaise
Flank pain
What is Addison’s disease?
Hormonal condition where cortisol and aldosterone are produced in low or no amounts.
What is Cushing syndrome
Chronically high levels of cortisol
Crushing disease is caused by?
Pituitary adenine
Adrenal gland disease
Steroid medications
What is cystic fibrosis?
Genetic disease effecting secretory cells.
What is Diabetes Inspipidus Syndrome?
Inappropriate production of antidiuretic hormone
Insulin infusion: step 1
Check policy.
Insulin infusion: step 2
Check Order
Insulin infusion: what equipment do you need?
50 ml LL syringe
Volume extension tubing 
Syringe Driver
Insulin (fast acting)
Normal saline
Insulin infusion: how to prepare syringe?
Draw up 50 units of fast acting insulin
49.5ml of Saline. 
Insulin infusion: concentration is?
1 unit per ml
Insulin infusion: what else do you need?
Current infusion of 5% glucose.
Insulin infusion: how often do you check BSL and titrate dose?
Hourly
Early pregnancy concerns:
PV bleeding
Miscarriage
Ovarian hyper stimulation
Ovarian torsion
Ovarian cyst rupture
Hyperemesis Gravidorium
