Renal Embryo

Question 1

Order of development of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Urogenital Ridge
Nephrogenic Cord
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

Question 2

What germ layer is the urogenital ridge from?

Answer 2

intermediate mesoderm

Question 3

What weeks are the mesonephros remodeled?

Answer 3

Week 11-12

Question 4

What becomes the mesonephric ducts?

Answer 4

Pronephric ducts

Question 5

What are the other names for the ureteric bud?

Answer 5

Metanephric blastema, diverticulum

Question 6

What gives rise to the glomerulus?

Answer 6

Dorsal aorta

Question 7

What germ layer gives rise to the bowman’s capsule and mesonephric tubules?

Answer 7

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 8

What forms as a result of reciprocal signaling from mesonephric duct?

Answer 8

Mesonephric vesicles

Question 9

What gives rise to the metanephric blastema?

Answer 9

Nephrogenic cord

Question 10

What gives rise to the ureteric bud?

Answer 10

Mesonephric duct

Question 11

What does the ureteric bud give rise to?

Answer 11

(big structures associated with kidney!)

• Ureter
• Pelvis
• Major and Minor Calyces
• Collecting Tubules

Question 12

What does the metanephric blastema give rise to?

Answer 12

(everything associated with the nephron)

• Bowman’s Capsule
• Renal vesicles
• PCT/DCT
• LoH

Question 13

What are the steps of the formation of the calyces?

Answer 13

Ureteric bug –> Branching —> Coalesce –> Major calyx

Repeat for minor calyx

Question 14

Presentation of Unilateral Agenesis?

Answer 14

Only 1 kidney (males > females)

• due to underdevelopment of ureteric bud
• Asymptomatic

Question 15

Bilateral Agenesis

Answer 15

No kidneys

• Due to underdevelopment of ureteric bud
• Oligohydraminos
• Potter’s sequence!

Question 16

Duplex Kidney

Answer 16

• 2 ureters in 1 kidney

- due to abnormal division of ureteric bud

Question 17

Pelvic Kidney

Answer 17

• Kidney is lower than usual because it’s stuck in a lattice of blood vessels

Question 18

Horseshoe Kidney

Answer 18

Kidneys are attached to each other, can’t move up due to this connection

Question 19

Accessory Renal Vessels

Answer 19

Presence of end arteries (vessel is the sole supply of a certain area)
This vessel can compress the ureters

Question 20

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Answer 20

Autosomal recessive

• mutation in PKHD1 gene
• 25% associated with pulmonary hypoplasia
• Oligohydraminos

Question 21

Multicystic Kidney Disease

Answer 21

Widened dilation of LoH = cystic presentation

Asymptomatic if only 1 kidney affected

Question 22

What two structures make up the bladder?

Answer 22

Cloacal membrane + allantois

Question 23

What germ layers is the cloacal membrane from?

Answer 23

Endoderm and ectoderm

Question 24

What two membranes surround the cloaca?

Answer 24

anal membrane + urogenital membrane

*Responsible for separating the lower body compartments

Question 25

What does the Allantois become?

Answer 25

Allantois –> Urachus –> Median Umbilical Ligament

Question 26

What tissue is the bladder derived from?

Answer 26

Hindgut endoderm

Question 27

What is the trigone derived from?

Answer 27

Remanent of mesonephric duct becoming a part of the posterior bladder wall

Question 28

What are the 3 parts of the urogenital sinus?

Answer 28

Phallic, Pelvic, Vesicular

Question 29

Vesicular Urogenital Sinus

Answer 29

Bladder

Question 30

Phallic Urogenital Sinus

Answer 30

Vaginal vestibule + spongy urethra

Question 31

Pelvic Urogenital Sinus

Answer 31

Urethra, Prostate and membranous urethra

Question 32

What gives rise to the capsule of suprarenal glands?

Answer 32

Mesoneprhic mesoderm

Question 33

Medulla of suprarenal gland?

Answer 33

Neural cells

*Make Chromaffin cells

Question 34

Cortex of suprarenal gland?

Answer 34

RESPONSIBLE FOR MAINTAINING PREGNANCY! (makes DHEA, a precursor of estrogen)
- Coelomic epithelium