Renal Anatomy

Question 1

Type of epithelium in Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Location in the kidney?

Answer 1

Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

Cortex

Question 2

Hallmarks of Proximal convulted tubule

Answer 2

Lot of mitochondria
Brush border (lot of microvilli)
invaginations for increased surface area

Question 3

Thin Loop of Henle epithelium

Location?

Answer 3

Simple squamous epithelium

Starts in medulla, ascends into cortex

Question 4

Thick Loop of Henle epithelium

Answer 4

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 5

Hallmarks of Loop of Henle?

Answer 5

No brush border

Question 6

Distal Convoluted Tubule Epithelium

Location?

Answer 6

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Cortex only

Question 7

HM Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 7

Smooth lumen, sparse microvilli, high number of nuclei

Taller cells than thick ascending LoH

Question 8

Epithelium of Collecting Duct

Answer 8

Simple cuboidal, but becomes simple columnar

Cortex and Medulla

Question 9

Light Cells (of the Collecting Duct)

Answer 9

Principle Cells
Target for aldosterone
Detect fluid

Question 10

Dark Cells (of the Collecting Duct)

Answer 10

Intercalated cells
Used in H+ and Bicarb transportation
Stimulated by low blood volume

Question 11

Where is the macula densa located?

Answer 11

Thick Ascending loop of Henle

Detects sodium levels/blood volume levels to stimulate or inhibit RAAS system

Question 12

HM of Transitional Epithelium

Answer 12

Specialized
Stratified
Can become stretched
Fusiform vesicles (to add to the plasma membrane and increase SA)
Urothelial plaques

Question 13

What later of transitional epithelium stretches and relax?

Answer 13

Superficial layer

Question 14

What layer of the transitional epithelium slides with increased stretch?

Answer 14

Intermediate layer

Question 15

What layer of transitional epithelium has stem cells?

Answer 15

Basal layer

Question 16

What are the three layers of the Ureter?

Answer 16

Transitional Epithelium
Muscularis
Adventitia

Question 17

What are the 3 parts to the muscularis portion of the ureter?

Answer 17

Inner Longitudinal
Outer Circular
Outer longitudinal

Question 18

What are the parts of the female urethra?

Answer 18

Membranous urethra (3-5cm long)

Question 19

What are the parts of the male urethra?

Answer 19

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra (penile)

~20cm long

Question 20

What spinal levels are the kidneys located? Which kidney is lower?

Answer 20

T12- L3

Right kidney is lower due to the liver.

Question 21

Where is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 21

Between sternum and iliac crest:

Cuts through the superior pole of the right kidney and the hilum of the left kidney.

Question 22

From inside to outside, name the layers of Renal fat.

Answer 22

Kidney –> Perinephric fat –> Renal fascia –> paranephric fat

Question 23

What vessels supply the superior part of the ureter?

Answer 23

Branches of Renal As.

Question 24

Pathway of renal blood supply? (TO the glomerulus)

Answer 24

Renal A.
Segmental A.
Interlobar A.
Arcuate A.
Cortical Radiate A.
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus

Question 25

What are the presynaptic nerves that provide sympathetic innervation to the kidneys?

Answer 25

Lesser and Least splanchnic Ns.

Lumbar splanchnic

Question 26

What is the pathway through the filtration membrane?

Answer 26

1. Capillary endothelium (+ Biogel and fenestrations_
2. Basement membrane
3. Filtration slits through podocytes

Question 27

What type of collagen makes up the basement membrane of the glomerulus

Answer 27

Type 4 and 18

Question 28

What is albuminia indicative?

Answer 28

Damage to basement membrane