Renal Disorders

Question 1

renal functions

Answer 1

excretion of waste products
maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
acid base balance
secretion of hormones
excretion of drugs

Question 2

types of renal failure

Answer 2

acute
chronic

Question 3

what is acute renal failure

Answer 3

after surgery or severe injury or when renal blood vessels become obstructed

Question 4

does chronic renal failure develop slowly or quickly

Answer 4

slowly

Question 5

what is chronic kidney disease

Answer 5

kidney damage or a reduction in GFR for 3 or more months

Question 6

symptoms of early chronic kidney disease

Answer 6

no symptoms

Question 6

most common causes of chronic kidney disease

Answer 6

diabetes
hypertension
glomerulonephritis

Question 6

what can be used to assess kidney damage

Answer 6

urine test

Question 6

what can be used to assess kidney function

Answer 6

blood test

Question 7

when do symptoms present in chronic kidney disease

Answer 7

when kidney function less than 25% of normal

Question 7

dental tx post transplant

Answer 7

defer elective dental care for 6 months
Ab cover within first 6 months
consult with renal physician
delayed wound healing, infection risk

Question 7

what is haemodialysis

Answer 7

performed in health centres and hospitals
requires arterio-venous access
removes excess fluid and uraemic solutes
patient is heparinised

Question 7

how many times does a patient get harm-dialysis

Answer 7

3 times a week

Question 8

how many stages of chronic kidney disease are there

Answer 8

normal
then 1-5

Question 8

dental management of CKD

Answer 8

bleeding tendency
increased risk of infections
poorly controlled infections may spread ad cause septicaemia

Question 8

best time for dental tx for pt having harm-dialysis

Answer 8

day after haemodialysis

Question 8

what needs done before a renal transplant

Answer 8

full dental assessment

Question 8

how long do renal transplants last

Answer 8

90% success at 1 yr
70% survival at 5 years
overall mortality less than 5%

Question 8

clinical presentation of renal failure

Answer 8

depression
lethargy
nausea
vomiting
anorexia
weakness
fatigue

Question 8

dietary guidelines for CKD

Answer 8

limit salt and sodium to control blood pressure
limit phosphorous as pulls calcium from bones
limit potassium
eat right amount of proteins
fluid restriction

Question 8

what is peritoneal dialysis

Answer 8

catheter placed in the peritoneal cavity
dialysis fluid is exchanged at regular intervals
performed at home

Question 8

oral findings of chronic kidney disease

Answer 8

ossesous lesions
dry mouth
reduced salivary flow
accelerated calculus production
pale oral mucosa
oedema, oral ulceration
paraesthesia

Question 8

types of renal dialysis

Answer 8

haemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis

Question 8

dental tx and renal dialysis

Answer 8

bleeding
infection
drug interaction - avoid aspirin and NSAIDs
toxicity and dosage
consult renal physician

Question 9

what does a renal transplant result in

Answer 9

lifelong immunosuppression
gingival hyperplasia
increase risk of oral tumours
candidiasis, herpes simplex