Renal Control of Acid Base Balance Flashcards
1
Q
what does a 0.3 change in pH do to H ion concentration?
A
- It either down doubles or up halves the concentration of H
2
Q
What are major buffering systems?
A
- Bicarb
- Hemoglobin
- Phosphate
- Plasma proteins
- Lungs
- Ionic shifts
- Kidneys
- Bone
3
Q
What is the major buffer system in mammals based on?
A
- Carbonic acid (weak acid) producced from water and carbon dioxide
4
Q
What happens when you hold your breath?
A
pH decreases
5
Q
What happens to pH when you hyperventilate?
A
pH rises
6
Q
What does it mean to buffer?
A
- Weak acids that act as a hydrogen sponge, keeping hydrogen ions from being free which can alter the pH
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7
Q
What happens to the ICF in acidemia
A
- ICF will take in H ions
- low ECF pH, pH<7.35
- high Hydrogen ions buffered by raising the ECF K
8
Q
What happens to the ICF in alkalemia?
A
- ICF donates hydrogen ion
- high ECF pH
- Low hydrogen ions buffered by lowering ECF K
9
Q
What is the henderson Hasselbalch equation?
A
pH=6.1 + Log { ( [bicarb] ) / [0.03 x Pco2] }
10
Q
What is a primary factor for increased H secretion?
A
- Decrease in plasma bicarb concentration (decreased pH)
- Increase partial pressure of arterial CO2
11
Q
what are secondary factors for H secretion? (factors not directed at maintaining acid base balance)
A
- Increase in filtered load of bicarb
- Decrease ECF volume
- Increase angiotensin II
- Increase aldosterone
- Hypokalemia
