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CPR Final Exam > Lung Volume and Capacities > Flashcards

Lung Volume and Capacities Flashcards

1
Q

What is Tidal volume and its value?

A
  • Amount of air that is inspired and expired in a single breath
  • Normal resting Vt is 500mL
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2
Q

What is residual volume (RV)?

A
  • The amount of air in the lungs that can’t be exhaled no matter how much force is used
  • Can’t be determined by spirometry
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3
Q

What is the Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

A
  • The amount of air that can be inhaled greater than the tidal volume (Vt)
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4
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and how does it occur?

A
  • additional volume that can be exhaled greater than Vt
  • Needs activation of expiratory muscles
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5
Q

What is total lung capacity (TLC) and how do you calculate it?

A
  • Maximal volume that the lungs can expand with the greatest effort
  • Can’t be measured by spirometry
  • TLC= IC +FRC which = VC+ RV which = ERV+RV+ IRV+Vt

Capacity is a combination of different volumes

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6
Q

What is functional residual capacity (FRC) and how do you calculate it?

A
  • Amount of air left in the lungs after normal expiration
  • FRC=ERV+RV
  • Can’t be measured by spirometry
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7
Q

What is the significance of having a good value for FRC?

A
  • FRC helps prevent collapse of lungs as well as reduce workload and dilute toxic inhaled gasses
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8
Q

What is Vital Capacity (VC)?

A
  • Amount of air that can be maximally inspired after a maximal expiration
  • VC=IRV+Vt+ ERV
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9
Q

What factors can influence VC?

A
  • Posture
  • Ability of diaphragm to contract and relax
  • Respiratory mm strength
  • Thoracic wall expansibility
  • Resistance to air flow
  • Lung elasticity
  • Disease
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10
Q

What is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC)?

A
  • Capacity of air maximally inspired follwoing normal exhale
  • IC=Vt+ IRV
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11
Q

What factors can change the pulmonary volumes and capacities in general?

A
  • Body size
  • Age
  • Posture
  • Sex
  • Ethnicity
  • Obesity
  • Pulmonary disease
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12
Q

How does age impact pulmonary volumes and capacities?

A
  • FVC, FRC, and RV all increase with age
  • TLC stays similar
  • VC goes down
  • ERV decreases and RV increases which results in an increase in FRC
  • IC decreases
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13
Q

Which of the following will not be greater when seated vs supine? (may be more than one)

  1. ERV
  2. TLC
  3. RV
  4. VC
  5. IC
  6. FRC
A
  • RV seated is the same as RV when supine
  • IC is slightly lower when seated than supine
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14
Q

How does obesity impact pulmonary volumes and capacities?

A
  • Reduces TLC and VC
  • RV stays similar
  • Seated and supine are very similar
  • ERV largely reduced
  • IC is less largely impacted
  • FRC is lower
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15
Q

What type of lung disease is emphysema and describe the characteristics of it.

A

Obstructive lung disease

  • Limitations of airflow due to partial or complete obstruction
  • Difficulty exhaling
  • TLC and RV increases
  • VC decreases
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16
Q

Fibrosis in the lung is what type of disease? What are the characteristics?

A

Restrictive lung disease

  • reduced expansion of lungs
  • Difficulty inflating the lungs
  • RV TLC and VC decreased
17
Q

What are three ways to measure RV?

A
  1. Helium Dilution
  2. Body Plethysmography
  3. Nitrogen Washout
18
Q

What makes up the physiological dead space?

A
  • Anatomical dead space + Alveolar dead space
19
Q

A healthy 56 year old man weighing 175 lbs comes into the clinic and the doctor asks you to tell him what the anatomical dead space value is. You say?

A
  • 175 mL
  • it is 1mL per lb BW

CPR Final Exam (16 decks)

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