Renal Clearance and Glomerular Filtration Rate Flashcards
What is oncotic pressure?
Pressure generated by large molecules in solutions
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Pressure exerted by liquids
What two spaces are included in the glomerulus?
The vacular space and the Urinary space
By what process does water enter the nephron?
Only filtration
What is the relative concentration of glomerular blood plasma compared to ultrafiltrate?
Equal
Are electrolytes and macromolecules filtered in the glomerulus?
Electrolytes are freely filtered, but macromolecules >10K MW are not filtered
What drives glomerular filtration pressure?
Starling’s forces
What is the average glomerular filtration rate in L/day?
180 L/day (both kidneys)
What is the equation used for calculating starling forces?
= Kf[(Pc-Pi) - sigma(pic-pii)]
What does the sigma represent? What is its value when calculating glomerular filtration rate?
Reflection coefficient for protein; =1 because protein cannot cross glomerular membrane
What is Kf of the Starling forces equation? What is it representative of?
The ultrafiltration coefficient for glomerular capillaries; intrinsic pereability of glomerular capillaries
What factors are involved in Kf? How can it be calculated?
Hydraulic conductivity and surface area; Kf= Lp x A
What is the typical value of Kf when calculating glomerular filtration rate?
8.3 ml/min/mmHg
What forces favor glomerular filtration?
Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure and Bowman’s space oncotic pressure
What forces oppose glomerular filtration?
Bowman’s space hydrostatic pressure and glomerular capillary oncotic pressure
What is the approximate ratio of filtration to absorption in non-renal capillaries?
~1:1
What happens to the rate of fluid filtered when the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure is reduced?
It decreases