iClicker Questions

Question 1

At the conclusion of a 5 mile hike on a hot day, you drink 3 large glasses of water. Which of the following changes in body fluids would be expected to occur in response to water ingestion?

a) increase TBW, decrease ECFV, increase ICFV
b) increase TBW, increase ECFV, increase ICFV
c) increase TBW, increase ECFV, decrease ICFV
d) decrease TBW, decrease ECFV, no change ICFV

Answer 1

b) increase TBW, increase ECFV, increase ICFV

Question 2

In the normal kidney, the filtrate entering Bowman’s space:

a) is hypotonic compared to extracellular fluid
b) is hypertonic compared to extracellular fluid
c) contains all of the constituents of blood except blood cells
d) contains the constituents of plasma except proteins and substances bound to proteins

Answer 2

d) contains the constituents of plasma except proteins and substances bound to proteins

Question 3

What is the correct order of magnitude of renal plasma clearances?

a) creatinine > inulin > urea > potassium > glucose
b) PAH > urea > inulin > creatinine > potassium
c) inulin > PAH > urea > glucose > potassium
d) inulin > creatinine > urea > potassium > glucose

Answer 3

a) creatinine > inulin > urea > potassium > glucose

Question 4

What apical transporter & nephron segment pair is correct?

a) Na/Cl co-transporter, TAL
b) Na/K ATPase; PCT
c) epithelial Na C (ENaC); CD
d) NaK2Cl co transporter; DCT

Answer 4

c) epithelial Na+ channel; CD

Question 5

Regarding glomerulartubular balance (G-T):

a) minimizes changes in delivery of solute and water to TAL with changes in GFR
b) macula densa cells of TAL release paracrine agents in response to changes in GFR which affects AA tone
c) ensures a constant amount of solute and water delivered to TAL with changes in GFR

Answer 5

a) minimizes changes in delivery of solute and water to TAL with changes in GFR

Question 6

Regarding renal K+ handling…

a) low luminal flow in CD = high K+
b) K+ excretion is not altered by dietary K+
c) high P[K+] stimulates aldosterone secretion
d) fine-tuning of K+ excretion occurs in PCT

Answer 6

c) high p[K+] stimulates aldosterone secretion

Question 7

Patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, what is their urine Osm and UV?

a) 50 mOsm/L; 18 L/d
b) 50 mOsm/L; 1.5 L/d
c) 300 mOsm/L; 18 L/d
d) 1,200 mOsm/L; 0.5 L/d

Answer 7

a) 50 mOsm/L; 18 L/d

diabetes insipidus - lack of ADH (no water retention) => dilute urine, large volume

Question 8

Countercurrent exchange:

a) establishes medullary osmotic gradient
b) requires active transport
c) involves medullary solute trapping and shunting of H20 from DVR to AVR
d) less effective during decreased medullary blood flow

Answer 8

c) involves medullary solute trapping and shunting of H20 from DVR to AVR

Question 9

Renal glutamine metabolism:

a) is limited by filtered load of urinary buffers
b) leads to excretion of titrable acids
c) decreases renal generation of HCO3-
d) is the primary mechanism for reabsorbing filtered HCO3-
e) can increase markedly during severe acidosis

Answer 9

can increase markedly during sever acidosis

Question 10

Transport in the descending vasa recta and ascending vasa recta include al of the following EXCEPT

a) establishes medullary interstitial osmolarity
b) relies on exchange of solute and water between the limbs
c) involves medullary solute trapping
d) both rely on passive transport mechanisms

Answer 10

a) establishes medullary interstitial osmolarity