Renal Cancer Flashcards
What is the most common type of renal cancer?
Renal cell (clear cell) carcinoma
What are the risk factors for renal cancer?
- Haemodialysis
- Smoking
- Genetics (VHL)
- Age > 55
- Obesity
- Male
- HTN
What are the symptoms of renal cancer?
- Haematuria
- Loin/flank pain
- PUO (fever of unknown origin)
- Polycythaemia
- Increased BP
- Palpable mass
- Lower limb oedema (?)
What is a complication of renal cancer?
AKI
What initial investigations might you do for renal cancer?
- BP
- Bloods - FBC, ESR, U&Es, LDH (can be raised), Ca, LFTs, clotting screen
- Urine - RBCs, cytology, proteinuria
What might you see on blood tests in renal cancer?
Polycythaemia
How do you diagnose renal cancer?
CT/MRI - try not to biopsy
- CT KUB - diagnosis and staging
- MRI if renal insufficiency e.g. CKD
What other imaging might you do in renal cancer?
- Abdominal/pelvic US
- CXR
What might you see on CXR in renal cancer?
Cannonball lung metastases
What are some common complications of renal cancer?
- Anaemia/erythrocytosis
- Hypercalcaemia
- SIADH
- Hepatic dysfunction
- Adverse effects of targeted therapy
What is curative treatment for renal cancer?
- Surgery - partial or radical nephrectomy OR cryotherapy
- Radiofrequency ablation
- Targeted - VEGFR TKIs - sunitinib
What is the targeted therapy given in renal cancer?
Sunitinib
What is palliative treatment for renal cancer?
Targeted - VEGFR TKIs - sunitinib
How can renal cancer present non-specifically?
Mild generalised abdominal pain
What is the median age of onset of renal cancer?
64
