Lymphoma Flashcards
What type of neoplasm is lymphoma?
Lymphoid neoplasm
What is Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
B-lymphoid neoplasm - proliferation of MATURE B cells
What is a lymphoma?
A solid tumour in lymph nodes- MATURE cells
What are the 2 peaks of when Hodgkin’s lymphoma presents?
- 15-25
- > 65
- More common in men
What are risk factors for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
- Family history (affected sibling)
- SLE
- Post-transplant
What are symptoms of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Superficial lymph node enlargement (non-tender) - 60-70% cervical
- Alcohol-induced lymph node pain
- Pel-Ebstein fever (cyclic fever, up to 40 deg every 2 weeks)
- Systemic symptoms - fever, night sweats, weight loss
- Pruritis
What is a complication of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
SVCO (due to mediastinal LN involvement)
How do you diagnose Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Bloods & *LN-excision biopsy
What characteristic/diagnostic feature do you see on LN biopsy in Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg Cells (crippled germinal centre B cells) (mirror image nuclei)
What staging is used for Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Ann Arbor staging - CT ± PET CAP
How do you curatively treat Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Chemotherapy - ABVD (± radio/target or chemo/targeted)
What is Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
B or T or NK cell lymphoid neoplasm without Reed Sternberg cells aka all lymphoma w/o RS cells
What type of lymphoid neoplasm is the most common in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
B cell lymphoid neoplasms
What is Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma caused by?
Immunodeficiency
What are risk factors for Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Acquired immunodeficiency e.g. HIV or H pylori causing gastric MALT
- Congenital immunodeficiency
What positive test makes diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma more likely?
Positive HIV test
Which virus is Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma strongly associated with?
HIV
What are symptoms of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Superficial LN enlargement
- Extra nodal symptoms - gut, skin, oropharynx
- ± Systemic symptoms - fever, night sweats, weight loss
- ± BM failure - infection, anaemia, bleeding
What investigations do you do to diagnose Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Bloods incl. HIV
- BM & LN biopsy
How do you treat Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Radio + low grade chemo OR targeted + chemo + steroid (high grade) - R-CHOP
What are the two types of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Indolent
- Aggressive
What are signs of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
- Lymphadenopathy
- Cachexia, anaemia, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly
What is an example of an indolent (grow slowly - watched closely) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Follicular lymphoma
What is an example of an aggressive (grow and spread quickly) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Large B cell lymphoma
When can you get erythroderma in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
T-lymphomas such as Sézary syndrome
What age group are typically affected by Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Elderly (80s)
