Renal and Urinary Systems/Electrolyte Balance Flashcards
What are the side effects of HCTZ?
Pancreatitis, jaundice, diarrhea, aplastic anemia, and hypokalemia
What are the therapeutic indications of magnesium?
Cardiac arrhythmias, pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, tetanus, and pheochromocytoma
Where does mannitol act in the kidney?
Medullary loop of Henle
Where does HCTZ act in the kidney?
Distal convoluted tubule
Where does furosemide act in the kidney?
Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Where does spironolactone act in the kidney?
Cortical collecting duct
What factors relax mesangial cells and thus increase glomerular filtration?
Prostaglandin E2, dopamine, and atrial natriuretic protein
What is the major function of the proximal convoluted tubule? What increases this function? What decreases this function?
Sodium resorption
Increased by angiotensin II and norepinephrine
Decreased by dopamine and fenoldepam
Where is the majority of bicarbonate reabsorbed?
Proximal convoluted tubule (site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
What is the major unique role of the distal convoluted tubule?
PTH- and vitamin D-mediated calcium resorption
Where does acidification of the urine occur?
Cortical collecting duct (enhanced by aldosterone)
Where does ADH act in the kidney?
Medullary collecting duct
Between which values of MAP is renal blood flow maintained through autoregulation?
60-160
What is the pH of normal saline? LR?
NS: 5.6
LR: 6.6
Where does amiloride act in the kidney?
Blocking sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
