Renal and Endo Flashcards by Moses ‎

All of the following describes the kidneys, EXCEPT?

a. They extend from the lower portion of the rib cage at the level of the last thoracic (T12) vertebra to the third lumbar (L3) vertebra
b. The liver is superior to the right kidney, causing the right kidney to be slightly lower than the left
c. The kidneys are bean-shaped
d. NOTA

NOTA

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The renal medulla is composed of many coneshaped structures called

Renal pyramid

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Which of the following describe the juxtamedullary nephron?

a. Part of the nephron that lies in the renal cortex
b. Part of the nephron that lies in the renal medulla
c. Part of the nephron that lies in the renal capsule
d. Part of the nephron that lies in the renal fascia

Part of the nephron that lies in the renal medulla

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Which of the following describe the cortical nephron?

part of the nephron that lies in the renal cortex

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Once the blood is filtered, the resulting fluid is modified to form urine as it passes through each
section of the renal tubule. The first section is the
a. PCT
b. Thin descending LOH
c. Thin Ascending LOH
d. DCT

PCT

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In the renal corpuscle, there is a network of capillaries twisted around each other like a ball of yarn called the

a. Bowmans Capsule
b. Glomerulus
c. PCT
d. DCT

Glomerulus

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Which of the following describe the filtration membrane?
a. It is located within the renal tubule in the renal cortex
b. It is located within the renal corpuscle in the renal medulla
c. It is located within the renal corpuscle in the renal cortex
d. It is located within the renal tubule in the
renal medulla

It is located within the renal corpuscle in the renal cortex

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The distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts remain relatively impermeable to water in the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is secreted from the posterior pituitary.

a. First Statement is true. Second statement is false
b. Second statement is false. Second statement is true
c. Both statements are true
d. Both statements are false

Both statements are true

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Which of the following describe the ureters?
a. tubes through which urine flows from the urinary bladder to the kidneys
b. transports urine to the outside of the body
c. tubes through which urine flows from the
kidneys to the urinary bladder
d. NOTA

tubes through which urine flows from the

kidneys to the urinary bladder

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Stretch of the urinary bladder stimulates a reflex that causes the urinary bladder to contract

a. Misturition Reflex
b. Micturition Reflex
c. Mictunction Reflex
d. NOTA

Micturition Reflex

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____ is an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells.

a. Pepsin
b. Renin
c. Pensin
d. Resin

Renin

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if the ADH is not present or its concentration is low, the DCT and collecting ducts are less permeable to _____

a. Water
b. Proteins
c. Potassium
d. Platelets

Water

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The Urinary System consists of the:
a. 2 kidneys, 2 Ureters, 2 Urinary bladder, 2
Urethra
b. 2 Kidneys, 2 Ureters, 1 Urinary Bladder, 1
Urethra
c. 1 Kidney, 1 Ureter, 2 Urinary bladder, 2
Urethra
d. 1 Kidney, 1 Ureter, 1 Urinary bladder, 1 Urethra

2 Kidneys, 2 Ureters, 1 Urinary Bladder, 1

Urethra

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Which of the following describe the action of Angiotensin II?

a. Vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion, causing a decrease in urine production and an increase in blood volume.
b. Vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion, causing a decrease in urine production and a decrease in blood volume.
c. Vasodilator and stimulates aldosterone secretion, causing a decrease in urine production and a decrease in blood volume.
d. Vasodilator and stimulates aldosterone secretion, causing a decrease in urine production and an increase in blood volume.

Vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone secretion, causing a decrease in urine production and an increase in blood volume.

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Contraction of this smooth muscle forces urine out of the urinary bladder

a. Petrusor muscle
b. Dartos muscle
c. Detrusor muscle
d. NOTA

Detrusor muscle

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Glomerular Filtration Rate :

a. 135 ml/min
b. 145ml/min
c. 125 l/min
d. NOTA

NOTA

125ml/min

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Concentration of the luminal fluid

a. Proximal convoluted tubules
b. Collecting tubules
c. Distal Convoluted Tubules
d. Dispersing Tubules
e. Thick Ascending Loop of Henle

Proximal convoluted tubules

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Which of the following describe the Overflow incontinence?
a. ability of the urinary bladder to empty completely
b. Inability of the urethra to empty completely
c. Inability of the urinary bladder to empty
completely
d. ability of the urethra to empty completely

Inability of the urinary bladder to empty

completely

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The nervous supply to the urinary system detects this as the sensory stimulus to micturition:

a. Contraction of the detrusor muscle
b. Vibration of the bladder rugae
c. Increased pain in the lower abdominal area
d. Stretch in the bladder wall

Stretch in the bladder wall

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If ADH is absent, water is not reabsorbed and a 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ urine is produced. 	
a. 	Dilute 
b.	Concentrated 
c.	Neither 
d.	NOTA

Dilute

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If the ADH is present, water moves in, and a _________ urine is produced.

a. Dilute
b. Concentrated
c. Neither
d. NOTA

Concentrated

Vasopressin inhibits water loss through the ___

a. Lungs
b. Small intestine
c. Kidneys
d. stomach

Kidneys

Involuntary contraction of urinary bladder . May be idiopathic, alcohol, bladder infection and bladder tumor

a. Stress incontinence
b. Urge Incontinence
c. Overflow Incontinence
d. NOTA

Urge Incontinence

converts the angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1

a. ACE
b. RENIN
c. Enterokinase
d. HCL

RENIN

``` The most dilute luminal fluid in the presence of ADH is found in the a. Proximal Convoluted Tubule b. Descending Loop of Henle c. Ascending Loop of Henle d. Distal Convoluted Tubule ```

Ascending Loop of Henle

All of the following describes the pituitary gland, and the anterior pituitary gland, or adenohypophysis EXCEPT a. connected to the base of the brain b. pituitary gland is divided into two lobes: the posterior pituitary gland, or neurohypophysis c. the hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary are neurohormones, not traditional hormones d. NOTA

he hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary are neurohormones, not traditional hormones

increased growth in tissues a. Growth Hormone b. Somantotopin c. A and b d. NOTA

Growth Hormone

Increased melanin production in melanocytes to make the skin darker in color a. FSH b. TSH c. ACTH d. MSH

MSH

Milk production in lactating women a. Pronlantin b. Prolactin c. Polantin d. NOTA

Prolactin

sperm cell production in testes a. LH b. TSH c. FSH d. MSH

FSH

All of the following describes the OXYTOCIN, Except a. Increased uterine contractions b. increased milk expulsion from mammary glands c. Target tissue of this hormone: Uterus, mammary gland d. NOTA

NOTA

Decreased rate of breakdown of bone by osteoclasts; prevention of a large increase in blood Ca2+ levels a. Parathyroid hormone b. Thyroid Hormone c. Calcitonin d. NOTA

Calcitonin

Increased rate of breakdown of bone by osteoclasts; increased blood Ca2+ levels a. Parathyroid hormone b. Thyroid Hormone c. Calcitonin d. NOTA

Parathyroid Hormone

Increased breakdown of glycogen; release of glucose into the blood a. Insulin b. Somatostatin c. Glucagon d. AOTA

Glucagon

Increased uptake and use of glucose a. Insulin b. Somatostatin c. Glucagon d. AOTA

Insulin

Increases the flexibility of connective tissue in the pelvic area, especially the symphysis pubis a. Estrogen b. Relaxin c. Progesterone d. AOTA

Relaxin

``` help regulate sleep-wake cycle a. Melatonin b. Melanin c. Mentonin d and b ```

Melatonin

Major gonadotropins a. FSH and TSH b. FSH and LH c. LH and ACTH d. LH and Insulin

FHS & LH

All of the following describes the Pancreas, Except a. both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. b. The exocrine portion of the pancreas consists of a complex duct system, which ends in small sacs that produce pancreatic digestive juices. c. The endocrine portion consists of the pancreatic islets. Each islet is composed of alpha cells, which secrete glucagon; beta cells, which secrete insulin; and delta cells, which secrete somatostatin. d. NOTA

NOTA

The zona reticularis of the adrenal gland secretes a. Aldosterone b. Cortisol c. Androgen d. AOTA

Androgen G - Aldos F - Corti R - Androgen

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland secretes a. Aldosterone b. Cortisol c. Androgen d. AOTA

Cortisol

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland secretes a. Aldosterone b. Cortisol c. Androgen d. AOTA

Aldosterone

stimulates cortisol secretion. a. TSH b. ACTH c. MSH d. LH

ACTH

involved in the development of the immune system a. thyroxine b. thymosin c. calcitonin d. insulin

thymosin

The pineal gland produces a. Thymosin b. Melatonin c. Melanin d. NOTA

melatonin

Insulin secretion increases because of a. Elevated blood glucose level b. Decreased blood glucose level c. Normal blood glucose level d. AOTA

Elevated blood glucose level

Glucagon secretion is stimulated by a. Elevated blood glucose level b. Decreased blood glucose level c. Normal blood glucose level d. AOTA

Decreased blood glucose level

Insulin _______ blood glucose level a. decreases b. increases c. neutralizes d. NOTA

decreases

Glucagon _______ blood glucose level a. decreases b. increases c. neutralizes d. NOTA

increases

Other name for :MSH a. Melanotropin b. Melantrotropin c. Melanintropin d. Melantopin

Melanotropin